Influence of Gestational Age and Maternal Height on Fetal Femur Length Calculations

Pierce, Brian; Hancock, Elizabeth G; Kovac, Christine; Napolitano, Peter G.; Hume, Roderick F.; Calhoun, Byron C.

doi:10.1097/00006250-200105000-00019

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Established formulas do not necessarily fit each institution's population, and new formulas need to be calculated, as shown by a prior study of FLs by gestational age in our institution. 8 Femur length and other sonographic measurements have been shown to vary by race when used with studies of birth weight differences and as genetic screening tools 9,10 but not for gestational age dating. 11 Other sonographic markers used for screening for Down syndrome have shown variation between races, with a higher prevalence of echogenic intracardiac foci in Asian populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal Ethnicity and Variation of Fetal Femur Length Calculations When Screening for Down Syndrome

Kovac¹,

Brown²,

Apodaca³

et al. 2002

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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There is a significant difference in the mean expected femur length by biparietal diameter among fetuses in the second trimester with regard to ethnicity. Using ethnic-specific formulas for expected femur length can have a considerable impact on the use of sonographic risk factors for Down syndrome screening. Further data are required for use of femur length as a screening tool in the genetic sonogram.

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confidence: 99%

Maternal Ethnicity and Variation of Fetal Femur Length Calculations When Screening for Down Syndrome

Kovac¹,

Brown²,

Apodaca³

et al. 2002

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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“…Altman and Chitty reported FL longer in breech position than in cephalic position (2). Pierce et al reported that maternal height affected fetal FL at 18 and 19 weeks of gestation (29). Our study could not confirm that.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal age assessment based on femur length at 10–25 weeks of gestation, and reference ranges for femur length to head circumference ratios

Johnsen

Rasmussen

Sollien

et al. 2005

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…The continuous variables were NF thickness, HL, and FL. These variables are gestational age dependent [31][32][33] and as a result were expressed as multiples of the median (MOM). Multiples of the median were derived from second-trimester sonographic data from 3000 fetuses confirmed to have normal chromosomes by prenatal karyotyping at our center.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Second-Trimester Sonographic and Biochemical Markers

Souter

Nyberg

Benn

et al. 2004

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objectives. To investigate correlations between sonographic soft markers and biochemical markers (human chorionic gonadotrophin, α-fetoprotein, and estriol) for Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods. A total of 2183 women with apparently normal singleton fetuses who underwent second-trimester sonography (14-22 weeks) and maternal serum biochemical testing (triple test) were identified. Seven sonographic markers were recorded: nuchal fold thickness, humerus length, femur length, renal pyelectasis, hyperechoic bowel, echogenic intracardiac focus, and choroid plexus cysts. Results. Weak negative but statistically significant correlations were observed between human chorionic gonadotropin (multiples of the median) and both femur length (multiples of the median; Spearman ρ = -0.073; P < .01) and humerus length (multiples of the median; Spearman ρ = -0.083; P < .01). No other correlations significant at the 1% level were observed between femur length (multiples of the median) or humerus length (multiples of the median) and the biochemical markers. There were no significant correlations between nuchal fold thickness and any of the 3 biochemical markers. At the 5% (P < .05) level, the median human chorionic gonadotropin level (multiples of the median) was lower when an echogenic intracardiac focus was detected. Hyperechoic bowel also tended to be associated with higher median human chorionic gonadotropin (multiples of the median) and α-fetoprotein (multiples of the median) levels (P < .05). Conclusions. We found that sonographic and biochemical markers for trisomy 21 are largely independent in unaffected pregnancies. For accurate risk estimation, correlations in both affected and unaffected pregnancies need to be considered. No or minimal correlation between sonographic markers and serum screening tests indicates that they can be used as independent modifiers of the maternal age-specific risk for Down syndrome.

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Influence of Gestational Age and Maternal Height on Fetal Femur Length Calculations

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Maternal Ethnicity and Variation of Fetal Femur Length Calculations When Screening for Down Syndrome

Maternal Ethnicity and Variation of Fetal Femur Length Calculations When Screening for Down Syndrome

Fetal age assessment based on femur length at 10–25 weeks of gestation, and reference ranges for femur length to head circumference ratios

Correlation of Second-Trimester Sonographic and Biochemical Markers

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