Influence of Graphite Flakes on the Strength of Magnetorheological Fluids at High Temperature and its Rheology

Thakur, Manish Kumar; Sarkar, Chiranjit

doi:10.1109/tmag.2020.2978159

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition to using solid magnetic additives to improve the rheological properties of MR material, the incorporation of non-magnetic, carbon-based additives such as graphite could alternately enhance the rheological performance of MR materials [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Graphite possesses excellent properties, such as good thermal and electrical conductivities, mechanical properties, chemically inertness, and low density, so it is capable of maintaining the material’s existing mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of 15 wt % graphite in MRP increased the saturated storage modulus by 0.8 MPa compared to pure MRP, and the viscosity was remarkably improved due to the strengthening effect exhibited by graphite [ 18 ]. In another study performed on MRF by Thakur [ 19 ], high on-state viscosity and shear stress values were obtained by increasing the weight percentage of graphite flakes up to 3%. The authors stated that this was caused by the contribution of graphite to improving the formation of columnar chain structure by filling the empty gaps between the CIPs to form stronger structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological Performance of Magnetorheological Grease with Embedded Graphite Additives

et al. 2021

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The use of highly viscous grease as a medium in magnetorheological grease (MRG) provides the benefit of avoiding sedimentation from occurring. However, it limits the expansion of yield stress in the on-state condition, thus reducing the application performance during operation. Therefore, in this study, the improvement in the rheological properties of MRG was investigated through the introduction of graphite as an additive. MRG with 10 wt % graphite (GMRG) was fabricated, and its properties were compared to a reference MRG sample. The microstructure of GMRG was characterized using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The rheological properties of both samples, including apparent viscosity, yield stress, and viscoelasticity, were examined using a shear rheometer in rotational and oscillatory modes. The results demonstrated a slight increase in the apparent viscosity in GMRG and a significant improvement in yield stress by 38.8% at 3 A with growth about 32.7% higher compared to MRG from 0 to 3 A. An expansion of the linear viscoelastic region (LVE) from 0.01% to 0.1% was observed for the GMRG, credited to the domination of the elastic properties on the sample. These obtained results were confirmed based on ESEM, which described the contribution of graphite to constructing a more stable chain structure in the GMRG. In conclusion, the findings highlight the influence of the addition of graphite on improving the rheological properties of MRG. Hence, the addition of graphite in MRG shows the potential to be applied in many applications in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Performance of Magnetorheological Grease with Embedded Graphite Additives

et al. 2021

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“…Among these, magnetorheological (MR) materials become one of the most important smart materials in terms of their huge industrial potentials. They are classified as a functional smart material possessing tunable rheological and viscoelastic properties such as yield stress, shear stress, dynamic moduli, and damping property when an external magnetic field is applied [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Note that while their electrical analogue electrorheological (ER) materials have been also extensively investigated [ 8 ], MR materials prevail ER materials regarding both their scientific investigation and applications due to superior performance characteristics of the MR materials [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological Elastomers: Fabrication, Characteristics, and Applications

et al. 2020

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Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers become one of the most powerful smart and advanced materials that can be tuned reversibly, finely, and quickly in terms of their mechanical and viscoelastic properties by an input magnetic field. They are composite materials in which magnetizable particles are dispersed in solid base elastomers. Their distinctive behaviors are relying on the type and size of dispersed magnetic particles, the type of elastomer matrix, and the type of non-magnetic fillers such as plasticizer, carbon black, and crosslink agent. With these controllable characteristics, they can be applied to various applications such as vibration absorber, isolator, magnetoresistor, and electromagnetic wave absorption. This review provides a summary of the fabrication, properties, and applications of MR elastomers made of various elastomeric materials.

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“…Decreasing sedimentation rate with increasing graphene (G) additive was also observed by Thanikachalam et al [ 125 ] who hypothesized that graphene sheets hold Fe particles and act as gap fillers between Fe particles preventing particles from settling. In a similar study with graphite flake (GF) additives at high temperatures, Thakur and Sarkar [ 126 ] reported that shear stress and viscosity of MRFs increased with an increasing concentration of GF up to 3 wt%, whereas the sedimentation stability was increased up to 5 wt% GF. The authors hypothesized that the GF assisted in the formation of chain‐like structures formed by CI in the presence of magnetic field up to 3 wt% of G. As the concentration of G increases further, there is a decrease in magnetic particle chain length, which reduces the shear stress values.…”

Section: With Additives‐based Mrfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Stability of Magnetorheological Fluids—A Detailed Review of the State of the Art

Thiagarajan

Koh

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) are functional materials, prepared by dispersing magnetic particles in a nonmagnetic carrier fluid, that exhibit a change in mechanical properties (e.g., increase in viscosity and yield stress) when subjected to a magnetic field. Change in mechanical properties is demonstrated by a fast (i.e., fraction of milliseconds) and reversible transition from a liquid‐ to a solid‐like state. This transition, due to a structural reorganization of magnetic particles in the carrier fluid, makes MRFs a valuable material for damping, breaking systems, medical and prosthetics, and robotics. Since the discovery of MRFs in 1948, developing MRF preparation methods that result in improved performance and the storage without oxidation and settling is paramount. This article presents a review on recent developments in the preparation process of MRFs with a special emphasis on the state of the art in additives and coatings used in enhancing MRF chemical, colloidal, and thermal stability. Recent advances in MRF materials and formulations that have increased yield stress and magnetic properties are discussed. Finally, this review analyses the present‐day challenges in MRF research and makes suggestions for the field to improve MRF stability and performance drawing on previous MRF work and work outside of the fields.

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Influence of Graphite Flakes on the Strength of Magnetorheological Fluids at High Temperature and its Rheology

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Rheological Performance of Magnetorheological Grease with Embedded Graphite Additives

Rheological Performance of Magnetorheological Grease with Embedded Graphite Additives

Magnetorheological Elastomers: Fabrication, Characteristics, and Applications

Performance and Stability of Magnetorheological Fluids—A Detailed Review of the State of the Art

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