Electroadhesive devices can lift
materials of different shapes
and various types using the electrostatic force developed at the interface
between the device and the object. More specifically, the electrical
potential generated by the device induces opposite charges on the
object to give electrostatic Maxwell force. Although this technology
has a great deal of potential, the key design factors based on the
fundamental principles of interfacial polarization have yet to be
clearly identified. In this study, we identify that the lifting force
is quantitatively related to the total length of the boundary edges
of the electrodes, where the induced charges are selectively concentrated.
We subsequently propose a model equation that can predict the electrostatic
lifting forces for different object materials as a function of the
applied voltage, impedance, and electrode-boundary length. The model
is based on the fact that the amount of induced charges should be
concentrated where the equipotential field distance is minimal. We
report that the impedance magnitude is correlated with the electroadhesive
lifting forces by analyzing the impedance characteristics of objects made of different materials (e.g., paper, glass, or metal),
as attached in situ to the electroadhesive device.
Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers become one of the most powerful smart and advanced materials that can be tuned reversibly, finely, and quickly in terms of their mechanical and viscoelastic properties by an input magnetic field. They are composite materials in which magnetizable particles are dispersed in solid base elastomers. Their distinctive behaviors are relying on the type and size of dispersed magnetic particles, the type of elastomer matrix, and the type of non-magnetic fillers such as plasticizer, carbon black, and crosslink agent. With these controllable characteristics, they can be applied to various applications such as vibration absorber, isolator, magnetoresistor, and electromagnetic wave absorption. This review provides a summary of the fabrication, properties, and applications of MR elastomers made of various elastomeric materials.
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As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
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