Influence of growth temperature and thickness on the orientation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film

Li, Bo-yan; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Wei; Sun, Yun

doi:10.1007/s11801-012-2237-2

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…44.7 [19] and 2.5 [17], respectively). As is widely known from the literature, the film structure depends on the surface energy and strain energy, with the surface energy playing the dominant role [20], therefore the plane with a low surface energy could grow preferentially. Several factors can promote the preferential growth of the (112) plane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se₂solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications

Binetti

Garattini

Mereu

et al. 2015

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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In this work, a new hybrid sputtering-evaporation system providing a scalable process for deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) layers is presented. The growth apparatus has been designed and realized to fit a size suitable for direct industrial transfer. In this process the metal precursors are first of all sputtered on rotating transfer devices, then evaporated on the substrate by local heating in a Se atmosphere. The desired thickness and composition of the CIGS film are obtained by repeated sputtering-evaporation cycles. The cylindrical geometry of the deposition chamber has been designed to accommodate different types of flexible substrates with a maximum size of 20 × 120 cm 2 in a roll-to-roll configuration. Several techniques, including secondary ion mass spectrometry, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, external quantum efficiency, and I-V under 1 Sun illumination, have been used to test both the as-grown CIGS layers and the solar cell devices based on them. A significant performance and good control of Ga grading and Na content were obtained for solar cells grown at 450 °C on polyimide substrates with high deposition rates. In spite of the fact that the present efficiency record for CIGS solar cells on polyimide substrates is 20.4%, the 10.1% obtained using the hybrid method presented in this work is significant because the growth apparatus meets the requirements for direct industrial transfer. In fact, this process is being transferred in a 1 MW production line, where standard CIGS layers are deposited at low temperature on flexible substrates in a single-step process with a 1 mm sec −1 substrate velocity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se₂solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications

Binetti

Garattini

Mereu

et al. 2015

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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Modification of deposition process for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells on polyimide substrate at low temperature

Xin

Chen

Qiao³

et al. 2013

Optoelectron. Lett.

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Morphology of CIGS thin films deposited by single-stage process and three-stage process at low temperature

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2013

Optoelectron. Lett.

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Influence of growth temperature and thickness on the orientation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se₂solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications

Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se₂solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications

Modification of deposition process for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells on polyimide substrate at low temperature

Morphology of CIGS thin films deposited by single-stage process and three-stage process at low temperature

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Influence of growth temperature and thickness on the orientation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se2solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications

Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se2solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications

Modification of deposition process for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells on polyimide substrate at low temperature

Morphology of CIGS thin films deposited by single-stage process and three-stage process at low temperature

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Product

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Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se₂solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications

Fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se₂solar cells on flexible substrates by a new roll-to-roll deposition system suitable for industrial applications