Influence of Hand Cycling on Physical Capacity in the Rehabilitation of Persons With a Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Valent, L.; Dallmeijer, Annet J.; Houdijk, Han; Slootman, Hans J.; Post, Marcel W M; Woude, Lucas H V van der

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.10.034

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this context, handcycling has emerged as an extremely efficient mode of ambulation that can be employed on a daily basis [13] and holds important applications in the field of clinical rehabilitation [14]. It is clear that the metabolic demand associated with moderate intensity handcycling facilitates sufficient energy expenditure to offer some protection against the onset of chronic and progressive conditions such as cardiovascular disease [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Allgrove

Chapman²,

Christides³

et al. 2012

JRRD

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Abstract-This study examined the effect of a 1 h, self-paced handcycling time trial on blood leukocytes, mucosal immunity, and markers of stress in paraplegic athletes. Nine male paraplegic athletes (spinal injury level thoracic 4-lumbar 2) performed 1 h of handcycling exercise on a standard 400 m athletics track. Heart rate (HR) was measured continuously during exercise, and a retrospective rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained immediately after. Venous blood and saliva samples were collected immediately before exercise (Pre-Ex), after exercise (End-Ex), and 1 h postexercise (1-h Post). The athletes completed mean +/-standard error of mean 22.4 +/-1.1 km cycling at HR 165 +/-2 beats/min, RPE 15 +/-1, and blood lactate 7.9 +/-2.5 mmol/L. Total leukocytes increased 72% and neutrophils increased 74% End-Ex; both remained elevated at 1-h Post (both p < 0.05). Lymphocytes increased 53% and natural killer cells increased 175% End-Ex (both p < 0.05), but returned to near baseline levels 1-h Post. Increases (p < 0.05) were observed End-Ex in alpha-amylase activity (p < 0.05), which returned to baseline at 1-h Post, but there was no significant change in saliva flow rate, salivary immunoglobulin A, or cortisol. These data confirm that 1 h of handcycling exercise elevated circulating leukocytes but had a minimal effect on mucosal immunity. These changes appear to be associated with alpha-amylase rather than cortisol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Allgrove

Chapman²,

Christides³

et al. 2012

JRRD

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“…Arm cranking has received some scientific attention, due to its role in cardiovascular and injury rehabilitation (Carson 1989;Westhoff et al 2008), as well as being an appropriate mode for assessing upper body athletes (Tesch 1983;Driss et al 1998;Hubner-Wozniak et al 2004;Pearson et al 2007;Zagatto et al 2008) and individuals with spinal cord injury or lower limb disability (Hicks et al 2003;Goosey-Tolfrey et al 2006;Valent et al 2008). During upper body exercise, athletes trained for this type of work appear to be able to achieve a high proportion of their lower body VO 2peak , with seated arm cranking values of ~4.1 L .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic power and peak power of elite America’s Cup sailors

2009

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Big-boat yacht racing is one of the only able bodied sporting activities where standing armcranking ('grinding') is the primary physical activity. However, the physiological capabilities of elite sailors for standing arm-cranking have been largely unreported. The purpose of the study was to assess aerobic parameters, VO 2peak and lactate threshold (OBLA), and anaerobic performance, torque-and power-crank velocity relationships and therefore peak power (P max ) and optimum crank-velocity (ω opt ), of America's Cup sailors during standing arm-cranking. Thirty-three elite professional sailors performed a step test to exhaustion, and a subset of ten grinders performed maximal 7 s isokinetic sprints at different crank velocities, using a standing arm-crank ergometer. VO 2peak was 4.7(0.5) L/min (range: 3.6-5.5 L/min) at a power output of 332(44) W (range: 235-425 W). OBLA occurred at a power output of 202(31) W (61% of W max ) and VO 2 of 3.3(0.4) L/min (71% of VO 2peak ). The torque-crank velocity relationship was linear for all participants (r=0.9(0.1)). P max was 1420(37) W (range: 1192-1617 W), and ω opt was 125(6) rpm. These data are among the highest upper-body anaerobic and aerobic power values reported. The unique nature of these athletes, with their high fat-free mass and specific selection and training for standing arm cranking, likely accounts for the high values. The influence of crank velocity on peak power implies that power production during on-board 'grinding' may be optimised through the use of appropriate gear-ratios and the development of efficient gear change mechanisms.

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“…6 Moreover, exercise intensities exceeding a relative oxygen consumption of 21 ml kg − 1 min − 1 are recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. 6 However, it is unclear how these recommendations 6 can be achieved in people with tetraplegia where aerobic training typically relies on arm crank exercise (ACE) (13.6 ± 4.9 ml kg − 1 min − 1 ), 7 using hand securing devices in injuries at or above C6. 5 Accordingly, people with tetraplegia may not confer the cardiovascular benefits associated with regular exercise training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FES-rowing in tetraplegia: a preliminary report

et al. 2014

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Study design: A training intervention study using functional electrical stimulation-rowing (FES-R) in a group of eight individuals with tetraplegia. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of a structured progressive FES-R training programme in people with tetraplegia, and to explore the number and type of FES-training sessions required to enable continuous FES-R for 30 min. Setting: A fully integrated sports centre, elite rowing training centre and university sport science department. Methods: Eight participants with chronic complete and incomplete tetraplegia (C4 to C7, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A, B and C) who had not previously used any form of FES-assisted exercise, participated in the study. Participants completed a progressive FES-assisted training programme building to three continuous 30-min FES-R sessions per week at 60-80% of their predetermined peak power output. Thereafter, rowing performance was monitored for 12 months. Main outcome measures: number and type of FES-training sessions required before achieving 30-min continuous FES-R, and FES-R average power output (PO av ) pre and post 12 months training. Participant feedback of perceived benefits was also documented. Results: All participants were able to continuously FES-row for 30 min after completing 13 ± 7 FES-R training sessions. Each individual PO av during 30 min FES-R increased over 12 months FES-training. FES-R was found safe and well tolerated in this group of individuals with tetraplegia. Conclusion: Individuals with tetraplegia are able to engage in a progressive programme of FES-R training. Future research examining FES-R training as an adjunctive therapy in people with tetraplegia is warranted.

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Influence of Hand Cycling on Physical Capacity in the Rehabilitation of Persons With a Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Aerobic power and peak power of elite America’s Cup sailors

FES-rowing in tetraplegia: a preliminary report

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