Influence of harvest time and agricultural year in yield components of table cassava cultivars

Abstract

Agricultural year and harvesting season may interfere with yield and post-harvest performance of table cassava cultivars, with consequences for their commercialization and net profit. The objective of this work was to quantify the effects of harvesting season and agricultural year on yield performance of table cassava cultivars and their correlations. Planting was carried out in September in two consecutive years near Londrina city, PR, in a Clay-textured Oxisols red eutrophric. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, consisting of seven harvesting times (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 months after planting) for each agricultural year. The table cassava cultivars used were: Catarina Amarela, Catarina Branca, Mato Grosso, Pretona, IAPAR 19-Pioneira and IAC 576-70. The following agronomic characteristics were evaluated: number of roots per plant, length, diameter and yield of tuberous roots, as well as the following post-harvest characteristics: net yield and peeling time per kg of each cassava genotype. The cultivars, harvesting time and agricultural year affected the yield and post-harvest characteristics. ‘IAPAR 19-Pioneira’ presented a larger number of roots per plant (9.9) and peeling time (224.8 seconds.kg-1), but lower yield % (66.2%) and diameter of tuberous roots (4.0 cm), regardless of harvest time and year of planting. 'Catarina Amarela', 'Catarina Branca', 'IAC 576-70' and 'Pretona' provided higher yields, diameters and reduced peeling times. The root mean diameter is one of the characteristics that can be used as a selection criterion in a table cassava genetic breeding program: the larger the root mean diameter the larger are tuber root yield and percentage of weight of the tradable part of the roots, and the lower is the time of peeling.

Response of Cassava Tubers Yield and its Components to Different Agricultural Treatments

“…This is to be logical since the same obtained were detected from the same harvesting time about tuber diameter and length (Tables 3 and 4). These findings are in harmony with those obtained by Lilian et al (2019) and Samidjo (2020). Here too, the presented data in the same previous table also showed that the plants grown by direct stakes and stored for 15 days differed significantly in both seasons.…”

“…These results may be because the harvest date, 9 months after planting, was later than the other harvest date (8 months) and gave a chance for cassava plants to store and transfer the photosynthesis products to tuber and enhancement cell elongation and division which led to an increase in tuber length than other tested harvesting time. These results are in harmony with those obtained by Lilian et al (2019) and Samidjo (2020). Also, the presented data in the same previous table show that the plants that were cultivated with direct and storage stakes for 15 days varied highly significantly in tuber length trait in both seasons.…”

“…This may be due to the increase in synthetic products as a result of increasing the age from 8 to 9 months, which led to the tubers storing nutrients and thus increasing the diameter of the tubers in the plant, as the age exceeded 9 months, especially with the prevention of irrigation, which led to some tubers losing their moisture, which led to a decrease in their number after that (at 10 months). Similar findings were detected by Lilian et al (2019) and Samidjo (2020).…”

“…This may be due to the increase in synthesis products as a result of the increase in age from 8 to 9 months, which led to the formation of new tubers and consequently increased the number of tubers per plant as the age exceeded 9 months, especially with the prevention of irrigation, which led to Some tubers were lost, which led to a decrease in number after that (at 10 months). These results agree with Lilian et al (2019) and Samidjo (2020). Also, the data presented in the same previous table show that the plants which were cultivated with direct and storage stakes for 15 days varied highly significantly in both seasons.…”

Sweet cassava cooking time

“…Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a perennial and shrub plant, belonging to Euphorbiaceae family. The genus Manihot, originated in Brazil (was the world-leading producer, 25 million t (Mt), in 1999) (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2000;Miranda, Spinosa, Destro, Souza-Junior, Nascimento, & 2019). It was introduced in West Africa by Portuguese sailors in the sixteenth century.…”