Influence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on HIV‐1 Disease Progression and Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Rockstroh, J. K.; Mocroft, Amanda; Soriano, Vincent; Tural, Cristina; Losso, M.; Horban, Andrzéj; Kirk, Ole; Phillips, Andrew; Ledergerber, Bruno; Lundgren, Jens D.

doi:10.1086/432762

Cited by 357 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…One of such virus is HCV, one of the most common causes of chronic viral hepatitis, which has remained the commonest cause of serious liver diseases among HIV-infected individuals [27][28][29][30] . As highlighted earlier, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus(H-CV) have common routes of infection making it possible for both viruses to co-infect the same individual 1,2,31 . Of the 32.2-38.8 million people living with HIV, about 7 million individual (approximately 20.0-25.0%) are reported to be co-infected with HCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-HCV antibody among newly diagnosed HIV patients in Ughelli, a suburban area of Delta State Nigeria

O¹,

Oghene²,

Okonko³

2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share common routes of infection and as such, co-infection is expected. Co-infection of the two viruses is of great medical importance as it determines the effect of drugs used for treatment at various stages. Objective: This interplay between HIV and HCV sets the tone for the objective of this study which is to ascertain the seroprevalence of HCV among newly diagnosed HIV patients in Ughelli, a suburban area of Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 200 newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients were recruited for this study. Each of the sera was tested for anti-HCV antibody using SWE-life HCV ultra rapid test strip. Appropriate questionnaires were used to ascertain other important information which include social behaviour such as whether the patients were MSM (males), IDU, tattoo and/or have received blood transfusion in the past. Results: The prevalence of HCV among the study population was determined to be 15.0%. A higher seroprevalence was observed among females (16.5%) than in males (13.0%). A higher seroprevalence was also observed among age groups >26 years (16.0%) than in age-groups 14-25 years (13.0%) and 2-13 years (0.0%). Of the 7 patients with tattoos, 1(14.3%) tested positive for HCV compared to 29(15.0%) with no tattoos. We found no significant correlation with transfusion, intravenous drug use (IDU), men that have sex with men (MSM), tattooing and the seroprevalence of HCV. However, significant correlation existed with age, sex and HCV prevalence. Conclusion: This study reports a 15.0% seroprevalence of HCV among newly diagnosed HIV patients and that is alarmingly well above several other studies done in the past in Nigeria and other countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Planned prevention, screening, and treatment are needed to reduce further transmission and morbidity. Future studies involving HCV-RNA assays are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-HCV antibody among newly diagnosed HIV patients in Ughelli, a suburban area of Delta State Nigeria

O¹,

Oghene²,

Okonko³

2015

Afr H. Sci.

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“…HCV may have a deleterious effect on HIV progression. The Swiss HIV Cohort study and others demonstrated that HCV infection was independently associated with an increased risk of progression to AIDS or death, despite a similar use of antiretroviral therapies in the coinfected group compared with the group infected with HIV alone [162][163][164]. A Swiss study also suggested that those patients with dual infection may be less likely to achieve a CD4 count rise of at least 50 cells/mL within 1 year of starting HAART than those with monoinfection.…”

Section: Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 97%

British HIV Association guidelines for the management of coinfection with HIV‐1 and hepatitis B or C virus 2010

et al. 2009

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“…48,50,52 For example, although HIV replication in co-infected patients may, in theory, be stimulated by the persistent state of immune activation induced by chronic HBV replication and by the HBV protein HBx, 53 no significant effect of HBV carriage on HIV progression has been observed. 50 After initiation of HAART, virologic and immunologic responses are generally similar in both HCV/HIV 54,55 and HBV/HIV 56 -58 co-infected patients compared with those with HIV alone. Whether HBV, HCV, or human T-lymphotropic virus co-infection could influence seminal vesicle infection by HIV is currently unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infects Human Seminal Vesicles in Vitro and in Vivo

Deléage

Moreau

Rioux‐Leclercq

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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1 the precise origins of the infected leukocytes and free viral particles contaminating the seminal plasma remain unclear. Phylogenetic studies have established that HIV in semen arises from local sources within the male genital tract and/or from passive diffusion via the blood 2-4 (previous references in Le Tortorec and Dejucq-Rainsford 5 ). The existence of productive sources in the male genital tract is further substantiated through observations of several differences between blood and semen, including i) detection of persistent infectious HIV in the semen of 5% to 30% of men with undetectable blood viral load receiving fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy [5][6][7][8][9] ; ii) higher viral load in semen in a subpopulation of treatment-naïve men 10 ; iii) different rates, kinetics of emergence, and diversity of drug-resistant strains 4,11,12 ; and iv) different ratio of infected versus noninfected leukocytes. 13At present, the nature of the sources of HIV in the male genital tract remains unclear. This knowledge is crucial to the understanding of the biology of HIV sexual transmission and to the design of targeted therapies for eradicating HIV from semen.Semen is composed of secretions and cells from the testes, epididymides, prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbo urethral glands. Vasectomy has little effect on seminal shedding of HIV-1 RNA, 14 which suggests that the testes and epididymides are not the primary sources of HIV particles in semen. The seminal vesicles, the secretions of which represent more than 60% of the seminal fluid, could be an important source of seminal HIV. We recently demonstrated that the seminal vesicles of asymptomatic macaques are productively infected by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in vivo and, together with the prostate, exhibit the highest level of infection among the male genital tract organs in this animal model. 15 To date, infection of human seminal vesicles by HIV has not been reported.

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Influence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on HIV‐1 Disease Progression and Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract: HCV serostatus did not affect the risk of HIV-1 disease progression, but the risk of liver disease-related deaths was markedly increased in HCV-seropositive patients. The overall virologic and immunologic responses to HAART were not affected by HCV serostatus.

Cited by 357 publications

References 26 publications

Anti-HCV antibody among newly diagnosed HIV patients in Ughelli, a suburban area of Delta State Nigeria

Anti-HCV antibody among newly diagnosed HIV patients in Ughelli, a suburban area of Delta State Nigeria

British HIV Association guidelines for the management of coinfection with HIV‐1 and hepatitis B or C virus 2010

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infects Human Seminal Vesicles in Vitro and in Vivo

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