Influence of Hf4+ ions concentration on the defect structure and exposure energy in Hf:Ho:LiNbO3

Optical properties of Mg 2+ , Yb 3+ , and Ho 3+ tri-doped LiNbO 3 crystals

“…However, the study of the up-conversion luminescence properties of Ho 3+ ions-doped LiNbO 3 crystal is rarely reported. [8,9] In the present paper, Yb 3+ ion can act as a sensitize ion to increase the up-conversion luminescence intensity of the Ho 3+ ion because it has a simple energy structure and a long excited state lifetime. [10][11][12] Nevertheless, a problem for applications of LiNbO 3 crystal is that the optical damages will appear when the high-power laser irradiates the pure LiNbO 3 crystal or the RE-doped LiNbO 3 crystal.…”

Influences of Mg2+ion on dopant occupancy and upconversion luminescence of Ho3+ion in LiNbO3crystal

“…Because R 3+ -doped LiNbO 3 crystal presents a low threshold for photorefractive damage, optical-damage-resistant dopants (Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Sc 3+ , In 3+ , Zr 4+ , and Hf 4+ ) are usually doped to improve the performance of LiNbO 3 . [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In this work, congruent Ho(1 mol%):LiNbO 3 crystals codoped with different concentrations of Mg 2+ ion (1 mol%, 3 mol%, 5 mol%, 7 mol%, and 10 mol%) are grown using the Czochralski technique in optimized growth conditions. XRD and optical homogeneity are used to investigate the effect of Mg 2+ ion on the dopant occupancy of Ho 3+ ion in LiNbO 3 crystal.…”