Influence of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) on teat skin condition, intramammary infection, and serum anti-S. aureus antibody titres in holstein heifers

Ryman, Valerie E.; Nickerson, S.C.; Hurley, David J.; Berghaus, Roy D.; Kautz, F.M.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.017

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…aureus is one of the most commonly found etiological causes of contagious mastitis in dairy cattle farms [5,8]. S. aureus is a natural habitat of the external skin of the mammary gland (teat and udder) [14] and once entry is achieved, it infects the mammary gland of the cow (especially the milk secreting tissues) causing mastitis [35]. In our study, the cows dressed on their back with deltamethrin (Group A) presented a lower shedding rate of S. aureus than the untreated ones (Group B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During spring and early summer, flies maximize their numbers leading to severe welfare and productivity problems [10,11]. The relationship between the number of the flies and the prevalence of the intramammary infections of cows has been well established by many surveys [5,[12][13][14]. Flies consist important vectors of infectious pathogens predisposing to mastitis through immediate teat contact or through teat injury [5,7,9,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fly repellency using deltamethrin may reduce intramammary infections of dairy cows under intensive management

Arsenopoulos

Triantafillou

Filioussis

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to assess the possible effect of the fly repellent deltamethrin on the full microbiological profile of the intramammary infections as well as on the somatic cell count in one Greek dairy cattle farm under intensive management, during peak fly season. Fifty five multiparous cows, stabled in the same farm, were randomly divided in three groups; cows of Group A were dressed on their back with deltamethrin, cows of Group B remained untreated within the same pen and cows of Group C remained untreated in a separate pen. Clinical records of the herd showed a history of clinical and subclinical mastitis (especially during spring and early summer) and fly infestation. Deltamethrin reduced fly population, landing on the cows of Group A, facilitating a significant decrease of S. aureus, coagulase negative staplylococci, E. coli intramammary infections and somatic cell count, throughout the study period. Consequently, there is a relationship between fly abundance and transmission of bacteria resulting in intramammary infections and mastitis in dairy cows. The use of the pyrethroid deltamethrin reduced fly abundance and therefore, the possibility of transmitting pathogenic bacteria in the mammary gland. Given the impact of intramammary infections in dairy cows on the https://doi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly repellency using deltamethrin may reduce intramammary infections of dairy cows under intensive management

Arsenopoulos

Triantafillou

Filioussis

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…In addition, more than 80% of quarters from heifers within 2 months of delivery of their fist calf were routinely colonized with bacteria, primarily CNS. Therefore, transfer of bacteria with colostrum may be a mechanism by which cows stimulate immune development in neonate calves (Ryman et al 2013, Nace et al 2014, Harding et al 2015. In humans there are several reports that breast milk contribute to gut colonization and immune stimulation in infants, e.g.…”

Section: Cd62lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific immune response in neonate Holstein heifer calves fed fresh or frozen colostrum

et al. 2017

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of viable cells from colostrum on immune development in dairy heifer calves during the first 28 days of life. The animals were distributed between 2 groups: COL+ (n=9) receiving fresh whole colostrum from their own damns; and COL-(n=10) receiving pooled frozen colostrum, containing no viable cells, from a pool of donor cows. These calves were assessed before colostrum intake (D0), 48 hours of age (D2), and weekly from D7 to D28. The development of immunity was evaluated by assessment of the phenotype of blood leukocyte subsets, and induced cytokine production after 72 hours of stimulation in culture with concanavalin A (ConA), killed Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and killed Escherichia coli (E. coli) by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). The clinical history of these calves was marked by a high frequency of diarrhea in both groups. However, COL-had greater diarrhea intensity scores (fecal score~3 of 4), and rectal temperature on D7 than COL+ calves. Moreover, bronchopneumonia (n=1) and navel inflammation were observed only in COL-calves. COL-had a lower concentration of serum iron, and a higher absolute number of lymphocytes on D7 than COL+. COL-also had a higher percentage of anemic calves than the COL+ calves on D21 and D28. In general, the percent of cells within each subset of leukocytes was similar between the groups over the experiment, except on week 1 when COL-calves had a higher percentage of lymphocytes expressing CD45RO + (P=0.07). A steady increase in CD45RO + and concomitant decline in CD45RO -leukocytes was observed over the course of the study, indicating the development of immune memory. The proportion of CD14MHCII + leukocytes increased with age (P≤0.05). The median background cytokine production by PBMC that were not stimulated was below the level of detection of the assays used for both groups. The PBMC from COL+ calves stimulated with ConA secreted a larger quantity of IL-17 week 2 (COL+=2060.0pg/mL and COL-=0.0pg/mL, P=0.00). PBMC from COL+ calves stimulated with killed S. aureus whole cell antigen (P=0.05) and killed E. coli whole cell antigen (P=0.05) also secreted higher levels of IL17 than COL-calves at week 4. Clear production of IL17 was observed in PBML from COL+ calves at week 2, but the difference was not statistical different between groups. In conclusion, calves fed fresh and frozen colostrum showed no difference in cells subset profile overall. The increased percentage of leukocytes expressing the memory CD45RO + or CD14MHCII + over the course of the experiment indicated a maturation of the adaptive immune response after natural exposure to pathogens in the + aumentou de acordo com a idade (P≤0.05). As medianas das citocinas produzidas a partir do PBMC não estimuladas apresentaram valores abaixo do nível de detecção em ambos os grupos. O PBMC do COL+ estimulado com ConA secretou elevada concentração de IL17 na semana 2 (COL+=2060.0pg/mL e COL-=0.0pg/ml, P=0.00). PBMC do COL+ estimuladas com S. aureus inativado (P...

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“…They are difficult to cure therapeutically, and cases of systemic involvement can lead to death by toxemia (Hertl et al 2010). The main source of contamination is by direct contact of the recently milked mammary quarters with materials contaminated by the agent, such as feces, unhygienic equipment, dirty hands of stable workers and possibly some insects, as muscid flies (Pyörälä 2002, Ryman et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationship between Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy mastitis and from the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans

et al. 2016

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The stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) has been described as a potential spreader of infectious agents to cattle herds. Among the agents transmitted by this fly, Escherichia coli has attracted attention due to its potential to cause gastrointestinal disorders as well as environmental mastitis in dairy cows. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and to assess the genetic diversity and the clonal relatedness among E. coli isolates from the milk of dairy mastitis and from stable flies anatomical sites by the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique. The molecular typing revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism suggesting that these microorganisms have a non-clonal origin. Identical electrophoretic profiles were observed between E. coli isolates from different flies, different mammary quarters of the same cow and from cows on a single farm. These results reveal the circulation of the same bacterial lineages and suggest the role of the stable fly in bacterial dispersion. Considering the high pathogenic potential of this bacterial species, our findings alert to a more effective health surveillance.INDEX TERMS: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA, RAPD, milk, stable fly, clonal species.

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Influence of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) on teat skin condition, intramammary infection, and serum anti-S. aureus antibody titres in holstein heifers

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Fly repellency using deltamethrin may reduce intramammary infections of dairy cows under intensive management

Fly repellency using deltamethrin may reduce intramammary infections of dairy cows under intensive management

Specific immune response in neonate Holstein heifer calves fed fresh or frozen colostrum

Genetic relationship between Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy mastitis and from the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans

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