Influence of integrated crop management practices on yield, PAR interception, resource-use-efficiency and energetics in pigeonpea in North Indian Plains

Nutrient management practices for improved crop and water productivity, grain quality and energy productivity of promising rice cultivars in Eastern Himalayas

“…On the other hand, higher energy output and net energy under INM over the organic practice may be attributed to higher respective grain and straw yield. Organic practice exhibited highest specific energy due to better energy input/product output ratio (Varatharajan et al, 2019a). TWUE and EWP again followed the similar trend as that of their grain yield i.e.…”

“…Variation in energy input among nutrient management practices may be attributed to varying inputs and crop management practices like tillage, fertilizer application, water, weet, pest and disease management, etc. Likewise, higher energy consumption under organic practice was due to higher energy equivalents of FYM applied (Varatharajan et al, 2019a). On the other hand, higher energy output and net energy under INM over the organic practice may be attributed to higher respective grain and straw yield.…”

“…-1 (Varatharajan et al, 2019a(Varatharajan et al, , 2019bOmran et al, 2020). Further, better performance of rice varieties under INM practice may probably be accrued to good crop establishment and better anchorage of roots (Dass et al, 2016).…”

Double zero-tillage and foliar-P nutrition coupled with bio-inoculants enhance physiological photosynthetic characteristics and resilience to nutritional and environmental stresses in maize–wheat rotation

“…The number of days taken to 50% tasseling, 50% silking, and 50% flowering occurred early in ZT-based raised-bed (RB) or flat-bed (FB) plots owing to better plant establishment and vigorous growth due to temperature modulation, less water stagnation, more weed suppression and better nutrition under CA based CETMs over conventional tillage based CETMs ( Varatharajan et al, 2019a , b ; Faiz et al, 2022 ). Among P-fertilization practices, the combined action of PSB and AMF on P-solubilization as well as P-mobilization might have increased P-availability ( Kumar et al, 2015 ; Harish et al, 2022 ).…”

“…CA aims to maximize agricultural yields and farm incomes while minimizing the negative environmental effects of traditional agriculture ( Parihar et al, 2016 ). Zero-tillage is essential nowadays due to reduction in the cost of cultivation, greater retention of soil moisture, decreased energy consumption, increased farm revenues, improved soil biophysical and chemical characteristics, carbon sequestration, fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and comprehensive natural resource conservation ( Paul et al, 2014 ; Jakhar et al, 2018 ; Varatharajan et al, 2019b ; Pooniya et al, 2022 ). MWCS is India’s 3rd largest cropping system, covering ∼1.8 million ha and accounting for 3% of the country’s total food production ( Pooniya et al, 2015 ).…”