Influence of iodide ingestion on nitrate metabolism and blood pressure following short-term dietary nitrate supplementation in healthy normotensive adults

Bailey, Stephen J.; Blackwell, Jamie R.; Wylie, Lee J.; Emery, Annabelle; Taylor, E. Stewart; Winyard, Paul G.; Jones, Andrew M.

doi:10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.008

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Similarly, as cigarette smokers exhibit impaired salivary NO 3 − uptake and NO 3 − metabolism after dietary NO 3 − supplementation compared with non-smokers, non-smoking participants were recruited to participate in the current study [ 29 ]. Each participant was also asked to avoid the consumption of NO 3 − -rich, iodide-rich [ 30 ], and glucosinolate/thiocyante-rich [ 31 ] foods for 48 h, and from caffeine and alcohol ingestion 12 and 24 h before each test, respectively. All participants were instructed to maintain their habitual physical activity pattern for the duration of the study, and to avoid strenuous exercise in the 24 h preceding the testing sessions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

et al. 2023

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This study tested the hypothesis that the increases in salivary and plasma [NO2−] after dietary NO3− supplementation would be greater when oral temperature and pH were independently elevated, and increased further when oral temperature and pH were elevated concurrently. Seven healthy males (mean ± SD, age 23 ± 4 years) ingested 70 mL of beetroot juice concentrate (BR, which provided ~6.2 mmol NO3−) during six separate laboratory visits. In a randomised crossover experimental design, salivary and plasma [NO3−] and [NO2−] were assessed at a neutral oral pH with a low (TLo-pHNorm), intermediate (TMid-pHNorm), and high (THi-pHNorm) oral temperature, and when the oral pH was increased at a low (TLo-pHHi), intermediate (TMid-pHHi), and high (THi-pHHi) oral temperature. Compared with the TMid-pHNorm condition (976 ± 388 µM), the mean salivary [NO2−] 1–3 h post BR ingestion was higher in the TMid-pHHi (1855 ± 423 µM), THi-pHNorm (1371 ± 653 µM), THi-pHHi (1792 ± 741 µM), TLo-pHNorm (1495 ± 502 µM), and TLo-pHHi (2013 ± 662 µM) conditions, with salivary [NO2−] also higher at a given oral temperature when the oral pH was increased (p < 0.05). Plasma [NO2−] was higher 3 h post BR ingestion in the TMid-pHHi, THi-pHHi, and TLo-pHHi conditions, but not the TLo-pHNorm and THi-pHNorm conditions, compared with TMid-pHNorm (p < 0.05). Therefore, despite ingesting the same NO3− dose, the increases in salivary [NO2−] varied depending on the temperature and pH of the oral cavity, while the plasma [NO2−] increased independently of oral temperature, but to a greater extent at a higher oral pH.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salivary and plasma [NO 2 − ] and [NO 3 − ] were analysed as described previously [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Prior to [NO 2 − ] and [NO 3 − ] analysis, all glassware, utensils, and surfaces were rinsed with deionized water to remove residual NO intermediates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

et al. 2023

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“…The reduction of blood pressure following beetroot consumption is believed to suppress and interrupt the salivary NO 3 uptake. Various factors such as smoking (increasing salivary thiocyanate) [24], use of antibacterial mouthwash (reduction/ removal of oral NO3-reducing bacteria) [47,[53][54][55] and inorganic iodide supplementation (salivary NO 3 uptake reduction) [20] interfere with NO 3 enter-salivary circulation, a rate- Altogether, based on the current prevailing perception, NO 3 and its subsequent NO product are mainly responsible for cardio-protective and hypotensive effects of beetroot supplements; while so, additive or synergistic effects of other bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, polyphenols and carotenoids should not be neglected.…”

Section: Effects Of Beetroot On Blood Pressure and Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional properties of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) in management of cardio-metabolic diseases

et al. 2020

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Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris), as a naturally occurring root vegetable and a rich source of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, is known for its beneficial roles in the improvement of several clinical and pathologic outcome. Chronic and acute beetroot juice supplementation, as a cost-effective strategy, is proposed to hold promises in controlling diabetes and insulin hemostasis, blood pressure and vascular function, renal health and the possible effect on microbiome abundance. The secondary outcome and physiological response of microbiome abundance modulation included the non-significant fluctuation of systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Also, some studies have suggested a reno-protective property of beetroot juice that is associated with the reduction of mortality rate and favorable changes in kidney's functional parameters among patients with renal disorders. Similarly, it is shown that the persistent consumption of beetroot juice effectively postpones the postprandial glycemic response and decreases the blood glucose peak. The significant blood pressure lowering effect has been seen among normotensive subjects, which tend to be more considerable among hypertensive individuals and progressive among overweight adults. Within this context, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the therapeutic applications of beetroot juice in metabolic disorders and theirs underlying mechanisms. Despite the inconsistencies in the set of results from the reviewed studies, there is no doubt that further contributing factors must be investigated more deeply in future studies.

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“…Mechanistically, co-consumption of conjugated linoleic acid altered the metabolic fate of ingested NO 3 − leading to the formation of conjugated linoleic acid nitration products, which do not appear to have the same vasodilatory and platelet inhibiting properties as NO 2 − and NO. Likewise, Bailey et al [ 164 ] found that the ingestion of iodide, which is fortified in many foods [ 165 ] and known to compete for salivary NO 3 − uptake [ 159 ], lowered salivary NO 3 − concentration when co ingested with NO 3 − rich beetroot juice. However, the increase in salivary and plasma NO 2 − concentration, alongside the lowering of BP, were similar compared with NO 3 − alone.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate and population health: a narrative review of the translational potential of existing laboratory studies

Shannon

Easton

Shepherd

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3−) is a polyatomic ion, which is present in large quantities in green leafy vegetables and beetroot, and has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a potential health-promoting dietary compound. Numerous small, well-controlled laboratory studies have reported beneficial health effects of inorganic NO3− consumption on blood pressure, endothelial function, cerebrovascular blood flow, cognitive function, and exercise performance. Translating the findings from small laboratory studies into ‘real-world’ applications requires careful consideration. Main body This article provides a brief overview of the existing empirical evidence basis for the purported health-promoting effects of dietary NO3− consumption. Key areas for future research are then proposed to evaluate whether promising findings observed in small animal and human laboratory studies can effectively translate into clinically relevant improvements in population health. These proposals include: 1) conducting large-scale, longer duration trials with hard clinical endpoints (e.g. cardiovascular disease incidence); 2) exploring the feasibility and acceptability of different strategies to facilitate a prolonged increase in dietary NO3− intake; 3) exploitation of existing cohort studies to explore associations between NO3− intake and health outcomes, a research approach allowing larger samples sizes and longer duration follow up than is feasible in randomised controlled trials; 4) identifying factors which might account for individual differences in the response to inorganic NO3− (e.g. sex, genetics, habitual diet) and could assist with targeted/personalised nutritional interventions; 5) exploring the influence of oral health and medication on the therapeutic potential of NO3− supplementation; and 6) examining potential risk of adverse events with long term high- NO3− diets. Conclusion The salutary effects of dietary NO3− are well established in small, well-controlled laboratory studies. Much less is known about the feasibility and efficacy of long-term dietary NO3− enrichment for promoting health, and the factors which might explain the variable responsiveness to dietary NO3− supplementation between individuals. Future research focussing on the translation of laboratory data will provide valuable insight into the potential applications of dietary NO3− supplementation to improve population health.

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Influence of iodide ingestion on nitrate metabolism and blood pressure following short-term dietary nitrate supplementation in healthy normotensive adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

Functional properties of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) in management of cardio-metabolic diseases

Dietary nitrate and population health: a narrative review of the translational potential of existing laboratory studies

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