Influence of Lead Pollution on Cohesive Soil Erodibility using Jet Erosion Tests

Abstract

Recent researches were investigated the high concentrations of Lead in Baghdad soils due to the emissions from Leaded fuel of cars, generators, and the industrials. These high concentrations in addition to their impact on human health may impact on the landscape and streambanks and may cause significant issues on soil erodibility. The erosion rate of cohesive soil was usually estimated using two alternative models, excess shear stress model which is depended on two major soil parameters: the critical shear stress, τ c , and the erodibility coefficient, k d , and Wilson model which is depended on two mechanistic soil parameters: b 0 and b 1 . A new miniature version of Jet Erosion Test ("mini" JET) was performed to derive both model parameters. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Lead pollution on cohesive soil erodibility using "mini" JET under controlled laboratory setups to predict soil erodibility. In order to observe the Lead contamination on soil erodibility, soil samples were mixed with different quantities of Lead concertation and the samples were packed at ASTM standard mold on two different bulk densities. Results show that the Lead pollution increased soil erodibility when the concentration of Lead increased. An inverse relationship between excess shear stress parameters k d and τ c was observed as well as between Wilson model parameters b 0 and b 1 . The Wilson model parameters were closely resembled the empirical excess shear stress parameters with benefit that Wilson model parameters are mechanistic parameters.

The Influence of Crude Oil on Mechanistic Detachment Rate Parameters

“…They found that soil contamination increased the soil detachment rate. Salah and Al-Madhhachi [9] observed a reduction in b 1 and an increase in b 0 as the lead concentration increased. This indicates instability in the contaminated soil compared to the clean soil.…”

“…Several techniques have been developed to quantify soil erodibility both in the field and laboratory, highlighting the importance of quantifying soil erodibility [1][2][3][4][5]. The erodibility of polluted soils is a subject that has recently gained popularity with several researchers Abbas et al [6], Al-Madhhachi and Hasan [7], Mutter et al [8], Salah and Al-Madhhachi [9], and Shayannejad et al [10] due to significant influence pollutants have on soil characteristics, the soil environment, and soil erodibility parameters. One of these pollutants is crude oil, recently investigated by Al-Madhhachi and Hasan [7].…”

“…Crude oil spillage has also resulted in increased levels of heavy metals in the soils surrounding oil refineries [12,13]. Salah and Al-Madhhachi [9] highlight the correlation between soil contamination by heavy metals and soil detachment. Therefore, investigation into the influence of crude oil spillage on soil erosion would be of great benefit.…”

“…Salah and Al-Madhhachi [9] and Mutter et al [8] investigated the impact of soil contamination on soil erodibility. They found that soil contamination increased the soil detachment rate.…”

Utilization of Water Turbidity Meter Devices in Estimating the Aggregate Stability of Many Artificially Stabilized Soils

“…The control of heavy metals mobility in soil is defiantly affected by soil erodibility and also by the interferences of these pollutants in the soil aggregate stability. In this respect, Salah and Al-Madhhachi [1] investigated the influenced of lead (Pb) pollution on the erodibility of cohesive soil using a "mini" JET device. Their results showed that the high lead concentration in soil causing an increase in soil erodibility.…”