Influence of Li addition on charge/discharge behavior of spinel lithium titanate

Spherical Li4Ti5O12 synthesized by spray drying from a different kind of solution

“…The excess lithium has two kinds of station in the material. First of all, the excess amount of lithium can reside as located at the lithium and titanium layer of the 16d site in the spinel structure [8,26]. Fig.…”

“…8 (a), it is possible that the specific capacity of 5 C is higher than 2 C approximately after 80cycles when the cycle capacity of different rate is tested at different cell. The enhancement of the reversible specific capacity and cycling stability can be attributed to the appropriate addition of Li-ions which greatly modifies the crystalline Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , and the improvement of the conductivity caused by the large specific surface area, but too much excess Li-ions will work inversely [26,33,8].…”

“…The electrode shows a voltage plateau of 1.55 V against a lithium electrode, which is above the reduction potential of electrolyte solvents, thus it will not form SEI film at the interface. This material accommodates Li with a theoretical capacity of 175 mAhg À1 , and shows an excellent capacity maintenance ratio of 99% even after 100 deep-discharge cycles [7][8][9][10]. The structure of the parent spinel is unaffected (the so-called ''zero-strain'' insertion material) during charge-discharge cycling [11][12][13][14].…”

Self-assembled synthesis of nanoflower-like Li4Ti5O12 for ultrahigh rate lithium-ion batteries

“…One part of lithium ions is located at (8a) sites, the other part of lithium ions and all titanium ions at (16d) sites, and oxygen ions at (32e) sites [8]. During cycling, 3 mol of lithium ions in tetrahedral sites (8a) are capable of inserting into the octahedral sites (16c) of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 lattices, forming Li 7 Ti 5 O 12 rocksalt structure [7,9]. It accommodates Li-ions to have a theoretical capacity of 175 mA h g À1 with excellent cyclability and displays a discharge platform around 1.55 V vs. Li/Li þ , suppressing the reduction of electrolyte, thus reducing the impedance of cell and making batteries more safe.…”

Improvement of rate capability of spinel lithium titanate anodes using microwave-assisted zinc nanocoating

“…6, spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 structure is cubic with eight AB 2 X 4 units per unit cell, in which Li ions are located at (8a) tetrahedral sites, Ti ions at (16d) octahedral sites, and oxygen ions at (32e) sites. The spinel solid solution Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is able to undergo reversible Li insertion/deinsertion up to the composition x = 3 in Li 4+x Ti 5 O 12 [4,22]. As the Zn layer is very thin, it is difficult to detect such low solid content of <5%, resulting in no Zn reflections observed in the XRD patterns.…”