Influence of Lignin Type on the Mechanical Properties of Lignin Based Compounds

Nitz, Hansjörg; Semke, Hinnerk; Mülhaupt, Rolf

doi:10.1002/1439-2054(20011201)286:12<737::aid-mame737>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The use of DMF, DMSO or DMAc as solvents showed no improvements for these three bases. Allylations using DBU as a base usually resulted in insoluble products ( Table 2, entries [13][14][15][16]. A key problem is that OL itself is not soluble in DAC but in DBU, thus, agglomeration takes place during the reaction, which hinders a good stirring of the reaction mixture.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Allylation Of Ol Using Different Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the use of dialkyl method to acetone-soluble softwood kraft lignin thereby increasing the thermal stability of lignin. For lignin 25 as well as for diverse model compounds, 26 29 Herein, we present the sustainable, solvent-free and nontoxic allylation of beech wood organosolv lignin (OL) with diallyl carbonate to obtain an allylated lignin, which was thoroughly characterized via 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR, and IR spectroscopy, as well as detailed mass analysis, and can serve as monomer for further polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable allylation of organosolv lignin with diallyl carbonate and detailed structural characterization of modified lignin

Over

Meier

2016

Green Chem.

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The allylation of European beech wood organosolv lignin (OL) with diallyl carbonate (DAC) in the presence of base catalysts is shown to be an efficient, non-toxic, and sustainable modification technique. Comparative studies of different bases and temperatures were performed to optimize the solvent-free allylation of OL. Up to 90% of the aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups in OL were converted to the respective allyl ethers or allyl carbonates using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as recyclable base. The demonstrated strategy allows the introduction of functional groups into the structure of lignin, which will enable further modification. Detailed structural analytics by 31 P, 1 H, and 13 C NMR, as well as IR spectroscopy and detailed mass analysis using SEC-ESI-MS verified the functionalization and delivered insights into the structure of lignin.

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Section: Optimization Of the Allylation Of Ol Using Different Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable allylation of organosolv lignin with diallyl carbonate and detailed structural characterization of modified lignin

Over

Meier

2016

Green Chem.

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“…169,170 Because lignin contains hydroxyl groups, lignin can behave as the polyol in the polyester synthesis, and also lignin hydroxyl groups can be modifi ed to other functionalities such as carboxylic acid, 171,172 acyl groups, 114,172 epoxy groups 173 and terminal hydroxyl groups. 9,10,12,13,15,16,93,[173][174][175][176][177][178][179] Polyesters are popular components to produce lignin polymeric composites. Lignin may be used as a fi ller to reduce production cost, as a reinforcement agent and a biodegradable component.…”

Section: Polyestermentioning

confidence: 96%

Chemistry of lignin-based materials

2013

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There is a need for renewable resources as a raw material for commodity polymers. Lignin is one of the most important natural biopolymers from renewable resources due to its suffi cient supply, robust material properties and the fact that its use does not compete with the food supply. Lignin has been investigated since the late 19th century, but its applications are limited due to poor processability, low reactivity and intrinsic heterogeneity depending on the plant source and isolation methods used. Current strategies for using lignin in modern materials center on integrating it with other natural or synthetic polymers. This review article introduces the technological importance of lignin and focuses on copolymers and blends based on lignin in a broad range of applications.

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“…These renewable raw materials have been used in a number of applications for various purposes. [198,199] Lignosulfonates are used as additive for concrete, animal feed, and duroplasts. Thermoplastic molds were developed from Kraft lignins (alkaline lignins).…”

Section: Phenolic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomacromolecules and Bio‐Related Macromolecules

Kobayashi

Uyama

2003

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The present article briefly reviews research developments in the area of biomacromolecules and bio‐related macromolecules, whose research papers have been published for several decades preferably in the Macromolecular Journals. The area covers the important classes of macromolecules, polysaccharides (cellulose, amylose, chitin, etc.), polyesters (poly(lactic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, etc.), and phenolic polymers (lignin, urushi, etc.). These polymers and their derivatives are very important for scientific interests as well as for industrial applications. Their synthesis, structure, reactions, and properties are mainly mentioned, and important topics of the target polymers are selected and mostly chronologically reviewed.

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Influence of Lignin Type on the Mechanical Properties of Lignin Based Compounds

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Sustainable allylation of organosolv lignin with diallyl carbonate and detailed structural characterization of modified lignin

Sustainable allylation of organosolv lignin with diallyl carbonate and detailed structural characterization of modified lignin

Chemistry of lignin-based materials

Biomacromolecules and Bio‐Related Macromolecules

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