Influence of <i>Nigella sativa</i> and rosemary oils on growth performance, biochemical, antioxidant and immunological parameters, and pathological changes in Japanese quail challenged with <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Abstract

The effects of dietary supplementation with rosemary oil (RO), Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and their combination (NSO+RO) were studied in Japanese quails challenged with Escherichia coli. Thirty hundred quail chicks were randomly allocated to 5 equal groups, each of 3 replicates (20 quails/ replicate). Quails in the negative and positive control groups were fed a basal diet based on maize and soybean with vegetable oil as a lipid source. The experimental dietary groups were fed basal diet with RO, NSO or NSO+RO as a lipid source. At day 33 of age, birds from all groups, except negative control, were injected subcutaneously with 200 µl of E. coli. It was shown that NSO and NSO+RO addition significantly improved final body weight and body weight gain in comparison with both control groups. Additionally, the supplementation with RO, NSO or their combination reduced serum liver and kidney functions biomarkers, decreased MDA level and increased antioxidant enzymes activity in both liver and breast muscle in comparison with the positive control. Moreover, serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities were significantly increased in all experimental dietary groups. Furthermore, NSO and NSO+RO treatments suppressed harmful bacteria like E. coli, increased coliforms and lactobacilli bacteria in comparison with the RO group, and also significantly alleviated histopathological and morphometric changes induced by E. coli in the small intestine, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. In conclusion, NSO and RO can exert antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. However, NSO alone or combined with RO is more effective than RO as a growth promoter and for controlling intestinal pathogenic bacteria.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Virulent Listeria monocytogenes and Cronobacter sakazakii in Dairy Cattle, the Environment, and Dried Milk with the In Vitro Application of Natural Alternative Control

“…Genes iap and hlyA are responsible for host cell invasion, while the actA gene is associated with cell-to-cell spread. Our finding agreed with those of previous studies conducted by Tahoun et al, and Şanlibaba et al [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], in which virulence genes were determined in L. monocytogenes isolated from raw milk, animals, and environmental samples. Our findings in virulence gene detection are also supported by the findings of [ 23 ], who reported that virulence genes hlyA , iap, and actA were the most recognized, with prevalence rates of 70.6%, 70.6%, and 52.9%, respectively, and two of the three virulence genes ( hlyA , iap or actA ) were simultaneously detected in six isolates.…”

“…Natural botanical materials and different crude extracts of spices, herbs, and essential oils (EOs) are naturally active elements that have health benefits and protective effects against diseases and foodborne pathogens [ 13 ]. For instance, the EOs of damask rose and orange oil are considered to be promising natural compounds that have antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial activity [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Evaluation of Nigella Sativa Seeds on Broiler Chicks Hematological, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes

“…El-Ghammry et al (2002) discovered an opposite finding, in which supplementing with 4 g/kg NSS in the diet showed a little effect on plasma total protein, albumin or globulin. As stated by Aziza et al, (2019), serum total protein and globulin levels were considerably higher in the group supplemented with Nigella sativa oil compared to the positive control group. Meanwhile, the albumin content and albumin/globulin ratio did not indicate any substantial difference among all experimental categories (in quail).…”

“…Treating with NSS was linked to the increased levels of GSH activity, which may be ascribed to thymoquinone, which possesses potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties (Nili-Ahmadabadi et al, 2011). Aziza et al, (2019) discovered that the hepatic GSH level was significantly enhanced just in the groups supplemented with NS oil when compared to both control groups. Accordingly, in a rat model, the fixed and essential oil of NSS had a clear increase in GR and GPx versus the oxidative stress resulted from potassium bromate (Sultan et al, 2015).…”

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KLDS 1.0207 Exerts Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects in vitro and Improves Blood Biochemical Parameters in vivo Against Notable Foodborne Pathogens

“…It is interesting to note that no high-fat diets (HFD) were administered in the present study before significant anomalies in the HDL and LDL levels were observed (P < 0.05). Recently, Aziza et al (2019) assessed serum biochemical parameters in mice without feeding HFD and observed marked changes between the model (E. coli) and test groups. This again strengthens our position that food pathogens can disrupt many biochemical parameters (including HDL and LDL), and HFD does not need to be administered to observe significant variations in HDL, LDL, TG, and others.…”