Influence Of Lubricants On Wear Resistance Of Aluminum Alloy Strips Series 2XXX

Abstract

The article presents a properly planned and designed tests of the abrasive wear resistance 2024 aluminum alloy strips under friction conditions involving various lubricants. Test were focused on the selection of the best lubricant for use in industrial environment, especially for sheet metal forming. Three lubricants of the Orlen Oil Company and one used in the sheet metal forming industry, were selected for tests. Tests without the use of lubricant were performed for a comparison. The tester T-05 was used for testing resistance to wear. As the counter samples were used tool steel - NC6 and steel for hot working - WCL, which are typical materials used for tools for pressing. The results are presented in the form of the force friction, abrasion depth, weight loss and coefficient of friction depending on the lubricant used and the type of counter samples. The results allowed for predicting set lubricant-material for tools which can be applied to sheet metal made of aluminum alloy 2024.

Die Material Selection Criteria for Aluminum Hot Stamping

“…In consequence, the automotive sector, which is the industrial application where hot stamping is most implanted, uses extensively hot work tool steels. Hot stamping die related friction and wear have been studied extensively employing hot work tool steels, with 1.2343 [12][13][14][15][16], 1.2344 [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and 1.2367 [18,24] as the most frequent choices. Some have been also employed for aluminum coated steel hot stamping [20], together with proprietary steels such as Toolox ® 44 from SSAB [21], QRO90 ® Supreme from Uddeholm [2,25], or W300 ® from Böhler [4].…”

“…Materials with lower toughness and thermal conductivity than hot work tool steels become, as a result, candidates for aluminum hot stamping dies. Members of the cold work tool steel and pearlitic cast iron families, such as 1.2379, 1.2063 [17], GJS-700-3 ductile cast iron, and GJL-350 gray iron [26,27], fit into this description and have been studied in the literature related to aluminum hot stamping die friction and wear. They should thus be considered as options for die material selection when friction and wear behavior outweigh thermal conductivity and toughness.…”

“…• reciprocating pin-on-disk [2,3,26,27], • reciprocating ball-on-disk [20], • regular ball-on-disk [13][14][15]18,21,27], • block-on-ring [17], • hot strip drawing [4,16,[22][23][24][25], • cross cylinder [19], • block-on-cylinder [13], • and top hat drawing test [27].…”

“…• 1XXX (alloy 1099 [18]), • 2XXX (alloys 2014 [17], 2017 [20], and 2024 [17]), • 6XXX (alloys 6016 [4], 6060 [19], and 6082 [15,21,26,27]) • 5XXX (alloy 5083 [17]), • and 7XXX family (alloys 7075 [16] and 7475 [14]).…”

“…Having the variety of combinations described above into account, it turns out that most of the die material comparisons that could be useful to develop die material selection criteria belong to individual papers and are performed with the same die material family (generally hot work tool steels [2,18]), with surface or manufacturing route modifications of a given material (e.g., thin coatings, nitriding, nitrocarburizing, additive vs. conventional manufacturing [13,15,18,21,26,27]) or, when a comparison between material families has been found (e.g., a hot and a cold work tool steel [17]), the comparison itself was not the aim of the paper. Thus, they are of little use for supporting the selection of a die material family among hot work tool steels, cold work tool steels, and cast irons, to manufacture aluminum hot stamping dies for non-mass production applications.…”