Influence of Machine Integration on the Thermal Behavior of a PM Drive for Hybrid Electric Traction

Eco-driving algorithms optimize the speed profile to reduce the energy consumption of a vehicle. This paper presents an eco-driving algorithm for battery electric powertrains that applies a split loss integration approach to incorporate the component losses. The algorithm consistently uses loss models to overcome the drawbacks of efficiency maps, which cannot represent no-load losses at zero torque. The use of loss models is crucial since the optimal solution includes gliding, during which there are no-load losses. An analysis shows, that state-of-the-art nonlinear programming algorithms cannot represent these no-load losses at zero torque with a small modeling error. To effectively compute the powertrain losses with only a small error in comparison to the measurement data, we introduce a tailored combination of nonlinear inequality constraints that interleave two polynomial fits. This approach can properly represent reality. We parameterize the algorithm and validate the vehicle model used with real-world measurement data. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the proposed interleaved fits by comparing them to a single continuous high-order polynomial fit and to the state of the art. The algorithm is published open source.

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“…It is assumed that mechanical motor losses are not included in the motor maps. Thus, mechanical windage losses are calculated based on [62] with…”

Section: Parametrization Of the Vehicle And Tabulated Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Analyses of an Eco-Driving Algorithm for Different Battery Electric Powertrain Topologies Based on a Split Loss Integration Approach

et al. 2022

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“…The designed oil spray system showed improved performance than the existing ones (Lim and Kim, 2014). A fast approach to identify thermal behavior of incorporated electrical drives was used by Paar et al The approach used simple yet effective strategy to predict machine losses which can be a useful aid in EV/HEV thermal management and design (Paar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Lubricating Systems For Ev/hevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Characteristics of Lubricants in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review of Current and Future Needs

et al. 2020

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Electric and hybrid vehicles are gaining increasing attention in recent years. The distinguished difference between electric/hybrid vehicles from conventional ones is the intermittent on-and-off control of the internal combustion engine, whereas the electric vehicles operate on electrical motors. This difference creates new requirements in lubricants with performance characteristics that are otherwise uncritical: electrical properties (such as electrical conductivity and breakdown voltage) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, among others), in addition to fluidic performance that we have studied for decades. In this review, we discuss about lubricants for electric and hybrid vehicles in the following aspects. Starting with a brief historic review, we gathered information about current needs and challenges in electric and hybrid vehicles. We then compared the properties of lubricants, followed by the performance difference of those vehicles in terms of frictional performance, thermal management, and dielectric breakdown. Performance parameters are critically dependent on the properties of lubricants that are crucial for energy efficiency and reliability. This review can be used as a guidance for the future design of advanced lubricants for electric and hybrid vehicles.

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“…A permanent magnet (PM) is capable of creating a magnetic field without consuming extra electric energy. This property enables the possibility of designing electromagnetic devices with high‐energy efficiency [1–3]. Electrical contactors are electrically controlled devices used for switching electrical power circuits [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design and control of a new permanent magnet AC contactor with forced breaking mechanism

Shu

Zhao

et al. 2020

IET Electric Power Applications

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This study addresses the design of a new type of permanent magnet contactor, which uses forced breaking to overcome failure conditions. A multi‐objective optimisation method based on the genetic algorithm is used to design the contactor considering the effects of average closing time, average breaking time, impact energy, Joule heat and contactor volume. Four prototypes have been fabricated according to the optimised parameters. A control circuit is developed to increase breaking reliability. The circuit is designed as two separate modules: a normal working module and a protection module. The former is used during the normal contactor operation and the latter is used for forced breaking protection. Breaking failures are detected by comparing the time delay between the breaking control voltage and the auxiliary contact voltage. A durability experiment has been conducted to verify the protection function of the proposed PM contactor. Experimental results show that the normal working module fails to break the contactor in the last testing cycle. However, under the actuation of the protection mechanism, the contactor is forced to break and the power circuit can be successfully switched off.

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Influence of Machine Integration on the Thermal Behavior of a PM Drive for Hybrid Electric Traction

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Implementation and Analyses of an Eco-Driving Algorithm for Different Battery Electric Powertrain Topologies Based on a Split Loss Integration Approach

Implementation and Analyses of an Eco-Driving Algorithm for Different Battery Electric Powertrain Topologies Based on a Split Loss Integration Approach

Performance Characteristics of Lubricants in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review of Current and Future Needs

Optimal design and control of a new permanent magnet AC contactor with forced breaking mechanism

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