Influence of maternal physical activity on infant's body composition

Bisson, Marc-Antoine; Tremblay, François; St-Onge, Odette; Robitaille, Julie; Pronovost, Étienne; Simonyan, David; Marc, Isabelle

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12174

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Crucially, we found that cord-blood leptin concentration (a valid biomarker of birth total fat mass [50]) was markedly lower in Pakistani-origin women who were somewhat active as opposed to inactive. Studies using lab-based techniques such as DXA and densitometry have likewise reported lower fat mass and body fat percentage in babies born to women who were more active during pregnancy [51,52]. In line with other largescale population-based studies [53,54] and smaller studies incorporating accelerometry [55], we found no indication that physical activity adversely affected gestational age or birth weight.…”

Section: Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Compositionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Associations of Pregnancy Physical Activity with Maternal Cardiometabolic Health, Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Composition in a Biethnic Cohort of 7305 Mother–Child Pairs: The Born in Bradford Study

et al. 2019

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Objective Physical activity is advocated for a range of benefits to the uncomplicated pregnancy. We investigated associations of mid-pregnancy physical activity with maternal and neonatal health in white British and Pakistani-origin women from a deprived urban setting. Methods The study was performed in 6921 pregnant women (53% Pakistani-origin) who contributed data for 7305 singleton births. At 26-28 weeks gestation, women were grouped into four activity levels (inactive/somewhat active/moderately active/ active) based on their self-reported physical activity. Linear regression with robust standard errors was used to calculate adjusted mean differences in health markers between the four groups of physical activity (reference group: inactive). Results Three-quarters (74%) of Pakistani-origin women and 39% of white British women were inactive. Trend-tests revealed that more active white British women tended to be less adipose, had lower fasting and postload glucose levels, lower triglyceride concentrations, and their babies were less adipose (smaller triceps and subscapular skinfolds) than less active white British women. Somewhat active Pakistani-origin women exhibited lower triglyceride concentrations and systolic blood pressure, higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and their babies were less adipose (smaller mid-upper arm and abdominal circumferences; lower cord-blood leptin concentration) compared to inactive Pakistani-origin women. No associations were observed for gestational age or birth weight. Conclusions Physical activity performed mid-pregnancy was beneficially associated with maternal cardiometabolic health and neonatal adiposity, without influencing gestational age or birth weight. Associations were dose-dependent in white British women, and even a small amount of mid-pregnancy physical activity appeared to benefit some health markers in Pakistani-origin women.

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Section: Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Compositionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Associations of Pregnancy Physical Activity with Maternal Cardiometabolic Health, Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Composition in a Biethnic Cohort of 7305 Mother–Child Pairs: The Born in Bradford Study

et al. 2019

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“…Such an increase is supported by the higher cardiac mass in the offspring from endurance-trained mothers as heart mass has been reported to be correlated with lean body mass (Daniels et al, 1995). This is supported by the literature showing that moderate maternal physical activity during gestation is associated with an increase in placental size and function and higher blood volume (Clapp, 2006), which may explain the increase in lean mass (Bisson et al, 2017). Moreover, endurance training during pregnancy is known to improve insulin sensitivity and to reduce circulating insulin levels in mothers (Embaby et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Maternal exercise before and during gestation modifies liver and muscle mitochondria in rat offspring

Farida

Dubouchaud

Hininger

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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It is now well established that the intrauterine environment is of major importance for offspring health during later life. Endurance training during pregnancy is associated with positive metabolic adjustments and beneficial effects on the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants (redox state) in the offspring. Our hypothesis was that these changes could rely on mitochondrial adaptations in the offspring due to modifications of the fetal environment induced by maternal endurance training. Therefore, we compared the liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and the redox status of young rats whose mothers underwent moderate endurance training (treadmill running) before and during gestation (T) with those of young rats from untrained mothers (C). Our results show a significant reduction in the spontaneous H 2 O 2 release by liver and muscle mitochondria in the T versus C offspring (P<0.05). These changes were accompanied by alterations in oxygen consumption. Moreover, the percentage of short-chain fatty acids increased significantly in liver mitochondria from T offspring. This may lead to improvements in the fluidity and the flexibility of the membrane. In plasma, glutathione peroxidase activity and protein oxidation were significantly higher in T offspring than in C offspring (P<0.05). Such changes in plasma could represent an adaptive signal transmitted from mothers to their offspring. We thus demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that it is possible to act on bioenergetic function including alterations of mitochondrial function in offspring by modifying maternal physical activity before and during pregnancy. These changes could be crucial for the future health of the offspring.

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“…Other evidence also suggests that the first trimester might be a sensitive period for fetal growth programming, with excessive weight gain during the first half of pregnancy associated with increased neonatal weight and adiposity 32. We also recently reported that vigorous physical activity assessed by accelerometry in the first half of pregnancy was an independent predictor of neonatal adiposity, regardless of subsequent physical activity practice 33. Thus, beyond an effect on birth weight, maternal physical activity in early pregnancy may also influence infant’s body composition, which may have a long-term beneficial impact on childhood obesity risk 34…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Physical activity during pregnancy and infant’s birth weight: results from the 3D Birth Cohort

Bisson

Croteau

Guinhouya

et al. 2017

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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AimTo evaluate the association between maternal physical activity and infant’s birth weight or risk of inappropriate weight for gestational age (GA), and whether this association differs by infant’s sex, maternal body mass index (BMI) or pregnancy complications in a prospective cohort study.Methods1913 pregnant women from the 3D Birth Cohort (Québec, Canada) completed the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire at each trimester. Energy expenditure (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)*hours/week) for total activity, sports and exercise and vigorous intensity activities was calculated. The associations with birth weight and risk of inappropriate weight for GA were evaluated by regression modelling. Interactions were tested with infant’s sex, maternal prepregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders and prematurity.ResultsEach 1 MET/hours/week increase in sports and exercise in the first trimester was associated with a 2.5 g reduction in infant’s birth weight (95% CI −4.8 to −0.3) but was not associated with the risk of small weight for GA. In contrast, although not significant, a 17% reduction in the risk of large weight for GA was observed with increasing sports and exercise. Furthermore, in women with subsequent pre-eclampsia (but not normotensive or hypertensive women), each 1 MET/hours/week increment spent in any vigorous exercise in the first trimester reduced the infant’s birth weight by 19.8 g (95% CI −35.2 to −4.3).ConclusionsPregnant women with higher sports and exercise levels in the first trimester delivered infants with a lower birth weight. The risk of reducing infant’s birth weight with vigorous exercise in women who develop pre-eclampsia later in pregnancy requires evaluation.

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Influence of maternal physical activity on infant's body composition

Abstract: Exercise intensity modulates neonatal body composition. The long-term significance of a reduced BW, adiposity and BMC with VPA requires further study.

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Associations of Pregnancy Physical Activity with Maternal Cardiometabolic Health, Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Composition in a Biethnic Cohort of 7305 Mother–Child Pairs: The Born in Bradford Study

Associations of Pregnancy Physical Activity with Maternal Cardiometabolic Health, Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Composition in a Biethnic Cohort of 7305 Mother–Child Pairs: The Born in Bradford Study

Maternal exercise before and during gestation modifies liver and muscle mitochondria in rat offspring

Physical activity during pregnancy and infant’s birth weight: results from the 3D Birth Cohort

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