Influence of metakaolin on fresh properties, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of concrete and its sustainability issues: A review

Homayoonmehr, Reza; Ramezanianpour, Ali Akbar; Mirdarsoltany, Mohammadamin

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103011

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…In the literature, a higher carbonation rate is also observed for SCMs containing metakaolin, especially for accelerated carbonation [38][39][40][41]. For natural carbonation, the observed carbonation rates are approximately comparable at low clinker replacement rates [40]. Lower carbonation resistance is also reported when metaillite is used [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The portlandite consumption depends on the type of clay: metakaolin has a higher portlandite consumption than metaillite [37]. Composite cement usually has a lower carbonation resistance than OPC because the proportionate replacement reduces the portlandite content [38][39][40]. In the literature, a higher carbonation rate is also observed for SCMs containing metakaolin, especially for accelerated carbonation [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite cement usually has a lower carbonation resistance than OPC because the proportionate replacement reduces the portlandite content [38][39][40]. In the literature, a higher carbonation rate is also observed for SCMs containing metakaolin, especially for accelerated carbonation [38][39][40][41]. For natural carbonation, the observed carbonation rates are approximately comparable at low clinker replacement rates [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydration and Carbonation of Alternative Binders

Kraft

Achenbach

Ludwig

et al. 2022

CMD

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The cement industry gains increasing public attention because of the high CO2 emissions for which it is accountable. One approach to improve the carbon footprint of cement production is the development of alternative binders, which can be produced with less energy consumption. These alternative binders have a reduced clinker to cement ratio or contain no Portland cement at all. For the corrosion protection of the reinforcement, the same requirements apply as for standardized types of cement. To perform this evaluation, a basic understanding is necessary of the products formed during hydration, the composition of the pore solutions and pore structure, and their influence on the resistance to carbonation. In this study, various alternative binders, such as novel types of composite cement with calcined clays or modified steel mill slag, alkali-activated materials, CA cement, and a C-S-H binder, are presented. The conducted investigations at mortars and cement pastes show the differences in hydration, microstructure development, and pH. The changes in microstructure and phase assemblage due to carbonation and the suitability of carbonation testing at an elevated CO2 content of 1 vol.-% for the different binders are also presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydration and Carbonation of Alternative Binders

Kraft

Achenbach

Ludwig

et al. 2022

CMD

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“…In the actual construction site, there is an urgent need for a method to promote economic efficiency and to reduce the construction duration for the improvement of the construction productivity, and it is continuously required to ensure the early strength of concrete. In addition, the demand for sustainability in consideration of the durability of concrete is continuously increasing, and research results are also being reported [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Marine Concrete Performance Based on Multiple Criteria Using Early Portland Cement and Chemical Superplasticizer Admixture

Lee

Jeong

2021

Materials

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This study sought to examine the performance design of concrete mix proportions to ensure chloride resistance and early strength with respect to C35 (35 MPa), which is the minimum compressive strength class of concrete used in a marine environment. For the proposed concrete mixture, C24 (24 MPa) was selected and binders for concrete were manufactured using a blend of OPC (ordinary Portland cement), EPC (early Portland cement), and GGBS (ground granulated blast-furnace slag). The results of the experiment confirmed that the combined use of EPC and GGBS greatly improve the early-strength development and chloride resistance of concrete. An analysis revealed that the time for removal of forms can be reduced by 5–9 h from the aspect of early concrete strength. Moreover, in terms of construction productivity, EPC and GGBS were reduced by up to 16.39 h/cycle compared to other concretes. Regarding economic and environmental impacts, EPC and GGBS were more effective than C35 concrete. This study is significant as its findings help make it possible to examine the most economical concrete mix design in relation to strength development according to the application of EPC, GGBS, and PC-based admixtures.

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“…The second method is to enhance the properties of concrete in such a way that it has less permeability. This method can be referred to as using additives to concrete such as pozzolans [16][17][18][19][20][21] or reducing the ratio of water to cement in the concrete mixing design [9,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Tensile Behavior of Sustainable Basalt–Carbon, Basalt–Steel, and Basalt–Steel-Wire Hybrid Composite Bars

et al. 2021

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One of the main disadvantages of steel bars is rebar corrosion, especially when they are exposed to aggressive environmental conditions such as marine environments. One of the suggested ways to solve this problem is to use composite bars. However, the use of these bars is ambiguous due to some weaknesses, such as low modulus of elasticity and linear behavior in the tensile tests. In this research, the effect of the hybridization process on mechanical behavior, including tensile strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorbed of composite bars, was evaluated. In addition, using basalt fibers because of their appropriate mechanical behavior, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, durability, and high-temperature resistance, compared to glass fibers, as the main fibers in all types of composite hybrid bars, was investigated. A total of 12 hybrid composite bars were made in four different groups. Basalt and carbon T300 composite fibers, steel bars with a diameter of 6 mm, and steel wires with a diameter of 1.5 mm were used to fabricate hybrid composite bars, and vinyl ester 901 was used as the resin. The results show that, depending on composite fibers used for fabrication of hybrid composite bars, the modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength increased compared to glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) bars by 83% to 120% and 6% to 26%, respectively. Moreover, hybrid composite bars with basalt and steel wires witnessed higher absorbed energy compared to other types of hybrid composite bars.

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Influence of metakaolin on fresh properties, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of concrete and its sustainability issues: A review

Cited by 55 publications

References 197 publications

Hydration and Carbonation of Alternative Binders

Hydration and Carbonation of Alternative Binders

Improving Marine Concrete Performance Based on Multiple Criteria Using Early Portland Cement and Chemical Superplasticizer Admixture

Investigating Tensile Behavior of Sustainable Basalt–Carbon, Basalt–Steel, and Basalt–Steel-Wire Hybrid Composite Bars

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