Influence of mineral fertilizers on growth, development and yield of sunflower in conditions of Luhansk region

Abstract

One of the main factors of intensification in crop production is the effective using of mineral fertilizers. There must be a clear and correct approach to the development of the crop fertilizer system, in the context of the current reduction of the soil’s natural fertility and high environmental burden. A scientifically sound fertilization system must ensure not only high crop yields with optimum product quality indicators, but also the preservation or different increase of soil fertility while maintaining environmental safety. The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers depends on both the ratio of nutrients and their forms. With the same amount of active substance, different forms of fertilizers provide different results, due to the physiological characteristics of fertilizers and plants. The rational application of fertilizers is only possible when understanding the deep connection between soil agrochemistry and plant physiology. The highest yield of sunflower hybrids was obtained in the case of fertilizer application at a dose of N60P90. The application of mineral fertilizers with different doses increases the yield of sunflower hybrids by 0.16-0.43 t / ha. However, the level of mineral fertilizer efficiency varies and depends on other factors. Therefore, the question of the effectiveness of the application of mineral fertilizers during the cultivation of sunflower in the conditions of the zone of insufficient moistening of the Steppe of Ukraine needs more systematic study. Key words: sunflower, mineral fertilizers, mineral nutrition, cultivation technology, yield, plant density, biological yield.