“…Providing proper and timely assistance at calving can significantly reduce calf morbidity and mortality, especially when dystocia occurs (Lombard, et al, 2007). Next to the effect on the calf, timely calving assistance reduces parturition stress and improves the cow's reproductive performance (Barrier, et al, 2013, Mee, et al, 2014, Palombi, et al, 2013. Timely detection of the start of calving is therefore important to ensure timely assistance.…”