Influence of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersion on ignition of poly(dimethylsiloxane)–MWCNT composites

Sonnier, Rodolphe; Bokobza, Liliane; Concha-Lozano, Nicolas

doi:10.1002/pat.3454

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is noted that the same content of PPMS‐CNT shows lower T on than that of PPMS in the EP matrix. This result can be ascribed to the presence of CNTs will improve the thermal conductivity of the composites concomitant with the increase of heat transfer, as reported by Sonnier, which gives an explanation of the decreased TTI of the composites in cone calorimeter test. In addition, the PMLR values of the samples from EP‐1 to EP‐4 are 13.3%, 23.7%, 32.4%, and 27.2% lower respectively than the value of EP‐0.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes with monocomponent intumescent flame retardant for reducing the flammability and smoke emission characteristics of epoxy resins

Deng

Yan

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel monocomponent intumescent flame retardant named pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt (PPMS)-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PPMS-CNT) was synthesized via grafting PPMS on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and thoroughly characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Then, PPMS-CNT was incorporated into epoxy resins (EPs) to investigate flame-retardant and smoke suppression properties. The results show that the addition of PPMS-CNT increases the limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 rating of EP composites, and the LOI value of EP-3 containing 15 wt% PPMS-CNT is increased to 24.5%. Cone calorimeter test indicates that the heat release and smoke production of EP composites are gradually decreased with increasing PPMS-CNT content concomitant with the increase in the intumescent factor and residual weight. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability and char-forming ability of the EP composites are increasingly improved with increasing PPMS-CNT content. Char residue analysis reveals that the same addition of PPMS-CNT tends to form a more continuous and compact char than that of PPMS because of more phosphorus-rich cross-linking char and aromatic char remained in the condensed phase, thus exhibiting higher flame-retardant and smoke suppression efficiencies in EP matrix. Overall, PPMS-CNT can serve as a promising monocomponent intumescent flame retardant for reducing the flammability and smoke emission characteristics of EP materials. KEYWORDS flame retardancy, intumescent flame retardant, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, smoke suppression, thermal stability

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes with monocomponent intumescent flame retardant for reducing the flammability and smoke emission characteristics of epoxy resins

Deng

Yan

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…The thin films containing aluminum particles were also characterized by an “epiradiator test” instrumented with an infrared pyrometer (Optris, Berlin, Germany) as already described (see Figure 1 in [ 11 ]). Pure LDPE film was not tested using this device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In polypropylene filled with various carbon nanoparticles, Dittrich et al have shown that the heat absorption coefficient increases with nanoparticles leading to lower TTI, even if this effect is partly counterbalanced by the increase in thermal conductivity [ 9 , 10 ]. The dispersion of fillers, particularly nanoparticles, also significantly affects the absorption in-depth [ 9 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Emissivity Coatings to Delay Ignition of Polyethylene

et al. 2015

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Semi-opaque to opaque films containing small amounts of various aluminium particles to decrease emissivity were easily prepared and coated onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets. The thermal-radiative properties (reflectivity, transmissivity and absorptivity) of the films were measured and related to the aluminum particles’ content, size and nature. Time-to-ignition of samples was assessed using a cone calorimeter at different heat flux values (35, 50 and 75 kW/m2). The coatings allowed significant ignition delay and, in some cases, changed the material behaviour from thermally thin to thick behaviour. These effects are related both to their emissivity and transmissivity. A lower emissivity, which decreases during the degradation, and a lower transmissivity are the key points to ensure an optimal reaction-to-fire.

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“…The dispersion of particles could affect the TTI through several phenomena. Particles decrease the heat absorption in-depth (Fina et al, 2013;Sonnier et al, 2015) or can modify the emissivity or the thermal conductivity (Kashiwagi et al, 2004). The decrease of TTI could be due to a modification of heat transfer caused by the presence of aggregates (Clerc et al, 2005;Wang and Zhang, 2012), which increased locally the polymer temperature and the concentration of combustible volatiles in the gaseous phase surrounding the sample (Drysdale, 2011).…”

Section: Flame Retardancymentioning

confidence: 96%

The influence of dispersion and distribution of ultrafine kaolinite in polyamide-6 on the mechanical properties and fire retardancy

Batistella

Caro-Bretelle

Otazaghine

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that morphological particle properties inside the polymer matrix are responsible for the variability of mechanical properties (elasticity, strength, resilience) and fire retardancy properties. Ultrafine kaolinites were modified and employed to obtain composites of polyamide. These composites were characterized by means of mechanical (tensile static and dynamic tests) and fire retardancy properties (cone calorimeter). Their morphological properties differed significantly according to the aspect ratio and surface treatment of the kaolinites. These morphologies, characterized by the particle dispersion (interparticle distance ID) and size distribution (median diameter MD) in the polymer matrix, were directly related to the mechanical properties. The experimental results demonstrate the sensitivity of strength, resilience and flammability to particle dispersion and distribution. The yield stress decreases with the increase of MD, the resilience decreases with the increase of ID with a critical ID value from which the composite became brittle, and the pHRR increases with the increase of ID.

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Influence of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersion on ignition of poly(dimethylsiloxane)–MWCNT composites

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes with monocomponent intumescent flame retardant for reducing the flammability and smoke emission characteristics of epoxy resins

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes with monocomponent intumescent flame retardant for reducing the flammability and smoke emission characteristics of epoxy resins

Controlled Emissivity Coatings to Delay Ignition of Polyethylene

The influence of dispersion and distribution of ultrafine kaolinite in polyamide-6 on the mechanical properties and fire retardancy

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