Influence of nanoparticle size on nucleation of electroactive phase and energy storage behaviour of zinc ferrite/ poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite

Influence of Various Physiochemical Parameters of AFeO3 (A = Bi, Er, Ga, La, Sm, Y) Fillers on the Dielectric, Ferroelectric, Energy Storage, and Mechanical Energy Harvesting Performance of PVDF

“…[ 28 ] iii) The occurrence of strong electrostatic interfacial interaction between fillers and PVDF dipoles helps to improve the dipolar polarization (permanent dipole moment) of the composites resulting in an enhancement of dielectric permittivity. [ 17 ] iv) The same interfacial interaction also reduce the ability of polymer chain movement and thereby permittivity is reduced, which is in contrary to the previous fact. [ 29 ] v) Particle size of filler materials also plays important role in determining the relative permittivity of the composite systems.…”

“…Among different parameters of filler material which greatly affects the performance of their PVDF‐based composites; particle size is one of the most important parameters. [ 17 ] Therefore, the morphologies of all the filler nanoparticles were studied by utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. All the nanoparticles exhibited highly agglomerated morphology.…”

“…These lumps might have formed due to intraparticle diffusion during high temperature calcination (850 °C). [ 17 ] During TEM sample preparation, the particles were dispersed in ethanol medium using very dilute condition and high power sonication. So, the appearance of lump of particles on most of the portions of the TEM grid revealed that, in PVDF‐based composites, PVDF dipoles may interact with these lump of particles instead of separate particles.…”

“…[ 29 ] v) Particle size of filler materials also plays important role in determining the relative permittivity of the composite systems. [ 17 ] vi) Intentional increase in space charge polarization by virtue of incorporation of some special filler materials also contributes to increase the low frequency permittivity of the resulting composite system; but this technique greatly increases the tan δ values too. [ 30 ] vii) Improved order of dispersion and increased dielectric compatibility between filler and matrix also improves the dielectric permittivity.…”

“…In PVDF-based composite films reinforced with filler particles, phase evolution of PVDF matrix after filler addition, which is commonly determined by XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations, plays very precious role in determining their electrical properties. [17] The XRD patterns of neat PVDF, 5BF, 5EF, 5GF, 5LF, 5SF, and 5YF composite films are shown in Figure 3a. By observing the XRD patterns of neat PVDF and the filler particles (Figure S1, Supporting Information) it was easily established that none of the constituents of the composite films lose their crystallinity after mixing.…”