Influence of Nasal Allergic Reactions on the Clearance of Middle Ear Effusion

Mogi, Goro; Chaen, Tokuo; Tomonaga, Kazuhiro

doi:10.1001/archotol.1990.01870030095016

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The inflammation continuously interferes with MEE clearance, and an IgE-mediated allergic reaction of mucous membranes lining the nose, nasopharynx, and eustachian tube constitutes one of the factors that are indicative of a chronic state of disease. 3 The present animal experiment demonstrated that AZ administration facilitated the elimination of MEE from the middle ear of guinea pigs in which OME and allergic rhinitis were induced simultaneously. Middle ear effusion developed within 4 days and disappeared spontaneously 10 to 14 days after IC injection in group D animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Walker et al 2 reported that a single histamine intranasal provocative challenge in atopic adult individuals resulted in eustachian tube obstruction. In a previous study, 3 it was clearly demonstrated that nasal IgE-mediated allergic reactions interfered with the clearance of middle ear effusion (MEE). The importance of treating allergy has been, therefore, emphasized in patients having both nasal allergy and OME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of an Antiallergic Drug on Otitis Media with Effusion in Association with Allergic Rhinitis; An Experimental Study

Suzuki¹,

Kawauchi²,

Kerakawauchi³

et al. 1999

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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The effect of an antiallergic drug on the evacuation of middle ear effusion (MEE) from the tubotympanum was investigated by means of an animal model with both otitis media with effusion (OME) and allergic rhinitis. Azelastine hydrochloride (AZ), an oral antiallergic drug, was administered and the presence of MEE was investigated. Serous MEE was seen in 12 of the 13 untreated control animals on the 11th day after the experimental OME was induced, whereas MEE was detected in 9 of the 13 animals administered 1 mg/kg of AZ, but only in 4 of the 13 animals administered 2 mg/kg of AZ. In addition, the effect of AZ on MEE production was also examined in an experimental OME animal model without allergic rhinitis. Middle ear effusion was observed in all OME animals that received 2 mg/kg AZ for 5 consecutive days, before and 3 days after the experimental OME was induced. Results of the present study indicate that AZ promotes the evacuation of MEE from the tubotympanum in the OME animal model associated with nasal allergy. These data suggest that an antiallergic drug may contribute to the therapy of OME patients in association with nasal allergy indirectly, by promoting evacuation of MEE due to inhibition of type I allergic reactions in the nasopharynx.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of an Antiallergic Drug on Otitis Media with Effusion in Association with Allergic Rhinitis; An Experimental Study

Suzuki¹,

Kawauchi²,

Kerakawauchi³

et al. 1999

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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“…The expression of intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) in the nasal mucosa is increased in allergies and, recently, ICAM‐1 has been shown to be a receptor for rhinoviruses, which cause 30% of childhood upper respiratory tract infections (20). Secondary bacterial infection is common following viral colds, and in the presence of negative middle ear pressure and nasopharyngeal colonization with infective organisms, eustachian tube opening may lead to a siphoning effect into the middle ear, precipitating an acute otitis media and a subsequent effusion (21). Rhinitis in childhood is very common and is thought to be frequently infective, with the average child having six to eight viral upper respiratory tract infections per year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of atopic disorders in children with chronic otitis media with effusion

Alles

Parikh

Hawk

et al. 2001

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

114

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We studied 209 children, referred to a multi-disciplinary 'Glue ear/Allergy' clinic at our hospital with a history of chronic or recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME), in order to determine the prevalence of atopic disease in this population. Referrals were made either from within the hospital by Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Surgeons and Audiological Physicians (internal), or by General Practitioners (external). Assessment of atopic status was based on medical history, physical examination, nasal smears and skin-prick testing (SPT) in all children; and on blood eosinophil counts and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in a randomly selected subset. The main outcome measures were number of children with rhinitis, asthma, eczema, positive SPT, raised IgE level (> 100 IU/l), and nasal and blood eosinophilia. We found allergic rhinitis in 89%, asthma in 36%, and eczema in 24%. SPTs were positive to one or more of eight common inhalant aeroallergens in 57% of children. Blood tests in the selected subset revealed eosinophilia in 40% and a raised serum IgE in 28%. The worldwide prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children has been estimated to be 20%. The 89% prevalence found in this study is very high and there are a number of reasons which suggest that there may be a causal relationship. Whole-population studies will be required to confirm these findings, which could have important therapeutic implications for OME.

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“…The eustachian tube functions as “a gatekeeper,” limiting access of most substances to the middle ear. 16–18 It has been reported that the mucous membrane of the normal middle ear has few immune‐competent cells. 19,20 Takahashi et al 17 investigated immunocompetent cells in the normal murine middle ear mucosa and found Mac‐1 + cells (macrophages and granulocytes) to be the most predominant cell type, followed in descending order by Lyt‐1 + cells (helper T), IgA + cells, IgG + cells, and IgM + cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%