Influence of negative energy balance on cyclicity and fertility in the high producing dairy cow

Wathes, D C; Fenwick, Mark A.; Cheng, Zhangrui; Bourne, N.; Llewellyn, S.; Morris, Deborah; Kenny, David A.; Murphy, J.; Fitzpatrick, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.006

Cited by 319 publications

(280 citation statements)

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“…This observation corresponds to previous reports demonstrating that BCS2 cows have a greater occurrence of ovarian follicular atresia (Pivko et al, 2012) and a lower fertility rate (Wathes et al, 2007;Crowe, 2008;Roche et al, 2009) than BCS3 cows. Therefore, emaciation-induced reduction in bovine fertility can be due to a higher incidence of atresia and smaller growth of ovarian follicles, although the upstream regulators of this process remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For example, a negative energy balance in post-partum cows causes rapid body weight loss, increased occurrence of metabolic disorders, changes blood levels of glucose, insulin and IGF-I, which are important factors of ovarian functions (Spicer and Echternkamp, 1995;Zulu et al, 2002;Roche et al, 2009;Jackson et al, 2011;Kawashima et al, 2012;Wathes, 2012). A negative energy balance in such cows may restrict the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, its downstream targets, gonadotropins (FSH and LH), responsiveness of ovarian tissue to gonadotropins and, therefore, adversely affect normal ovarian follicle development, causing follicle atresia (Butler, 2000;Wathes et al, 2007;Hernandez-Medrano et al, 2012). Several studies indicate that a negative energy balance in early lactation can also cause excessive mobilization of fatty acids in the cow's liver tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…time of oestrus onset, conception, pregnancy and embryo mortality rate (Silke et al, 2002;Roche et al, 2009) probably due to changes in the cell apoptosis rate (Wathes, 2012), ovarian follicular atresia (Pivko et al, 2012), and/or the risk of uterine disorders (Wathes et al, 2007;Roche et al, 2009;Wathes, 2012). A BCS either above or below the 2.75-3.25 range is associated with reduced fertility in both dairy and beef cows (Wathes et al, 2007;Crowe, 2008;Roche et al, 2009). Nevertheless, the biochemical mechanisms and signs of BCS, as well as the association between BCS and endocrine or reproductive functions, have been insufficiently studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ovarian, metabolic and endocrine indexes in dairy cows with different body condition scores

Sirotkin¹,

Makarevich²,

Makovický³

et al. 2013

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Body condition can influence bovine fertility, but the morphological, biochemical and endocrine mechanisms of this influence are not fully understood. The aim of the study was to examine the interrelationships between cow body condition, morphological and endocrine state of the ovary, and blood metabolic indexes. Czech Fleckvieh dairy cows at the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle and with a tendency towards emaciation (body condition score-CS2) and cows with an average body condition score (BCS3) were compared. Plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), Ca 2+ , inorganic phosphorus (P i ), Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ (determined using photometrically), leptin and insulin (ELISA), ovarian area, number of visible ovarian follicles, diameter of primary and secondary ovarian follicles and corpora albicantia (macro-and micrometric analysis of ovarian histological sections), as well as the release of progesterone, testosterone, oestradiol and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) by isolated ovarian granulosa cells (RIA) were analysed. No significant differences between BCS2 and BCS3 cows in blood metabolic and endocrine indexes (except for decreased Zn 2+ in BCS3 cows) were found. The ovaries of BCS2 cows, however, showed a lower ovarian area, diameter of both primary and secondary follicles and corpora albicantia, but not the number of visible secondary follicles as compared with BCS3 cows. No differences between the release of progesterone, testosterone and IGF-I by ovarian granulosa cells isolated from BCS2 or BCS3 cows were found, but the granulosa cells of BCS2 animals released more oestradiol than those of BCS3 cows. These results indicate that a slight reduction in BCS (tendency towards emaciation) does not substantially affect ovarian secretory activity or metabolic blood indexes. On the other hand, a tendency towards emaciation is associated with reduced ovarian follicle growth (but not their number) and increased secretion of oestradiol. These observations suggest that a tendency towards emaciation can suppress bovine fertility via alterations in ovarian folliculogenesis and oestrogen release. A.V. Sirotkin et al. 317

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ovarian, metabolic and endocrine indexes in dairy cows with different body condition scores

Sirotkin¹,

Makarevich²,

Makovický³

et al. 2013

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…In early postpartum dairy cows, the duration and intensity of NEB, the level of body condition score (BCS) loss and the milk yield are strongly associated with the timing of the first ovulation (Butler, 2003;Wathes et al, 2007). Moreover, cows that ovulated earlier and had more estrous cycles before the first artificial insemination (AI) had a higher conception rate (Thatcher and Wilcox, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circulating IGF-I is highly related to the extent of NEB (Lucy et al, 2001;Wathes et al, 2007), and concentrations start to decline in the third trimester of lactation, reaching a nadir at calving (Knight, 2001). Elevated plasma concentration of IGF-I is beneficial because it acts as a modulator of gonadotropin action in the ovary, stimulating granulosa and theca cell proliferation and differentiation (Armstrong and Webb, 1997) and preventing follicular atresia (el-Roeiy et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of prepartum somatotropin injection in late-pregnant Holstein heifers on metabolism, milk production and postpartum resumption of ovulation

Schneider

Schwegler

Montagner

et al. 2012

Animal

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prepartum somatotropin injection in late-pregnant Holstein heifers on metabolism, milk production and resumption of postpartum ovulation. For this study, 31 late-pregnant Holstein heifers were used. The heifers were assigned randomly into two treatments: (1) 500 mg sc injections of somatotropin (somatotropin treatment, n 5 15) at 235 and 221 days, and, if pertinent, at 27 days from expected calving date and (2) no treatment (control group, n 5 16). Blood samples were collected weekly from 25 to 7 weeks after calving. Heifers with progesterone concentrations in plasma above 1 ng/ml in two consecutive postpartum samples were considered as having resumed ovarian activity. A higher proportion (P 5 0.04) of heifers treated with somatotropin resumed ovarian activity in the first 7 weeks post partum (73.3%; 11/15) compared with the control group (37.5%; 6/16). A higher number (P 5 0.02) of heifers in the somatotropin treatment group also ovulated during the first postpartum follicular wave (53.3%; 8/15) compared with the control group (12.5%; 2/16), as indicated by the number of heifers ovulating in the first 3 weeks post partum. Pregnancy rate was not affected by treatments (P . 0.10) and averaged 40.0% (6/15) in somatotropin-treated and 25.0% (4/16) in control heifers when evaluated up to 150 days in milk. Somatotropin treatment increased the average daily milk production by 2.8 kg/cow per day (P , 0.0001) and reduced the somatic cell count (P 5 0.009). Plasma IGF-I was higher (P , 0.05) for somatotropin-treated heifers in the prepartum period. Insulin and body condition score were higher (P , 0.05) and non-esterified fatty acids were lower (P , 0.05) for somatotropin-treated cows in the early postpartum period. In conclusion, somatotropin injection during the prepartum period in late-pregnant Holstein heifers was able to increase the proportion of heifers resuming ovarian activity early post partum, inspite of higher milk production.Keywords: bST, dairy heifers, IGF-I, ovarian activity, primiparous ImplicationsPhysiological changes during the transition period can have a great impact on health and performance. In our study, prepartum injection of somatotropin reduced negative energy balance (NEB) intensity as indicated by several metabolic markers evaluated in the postpartum period. A more intense NEB is usually associated with a delay in resumption of normal ovarian function. In this way, we observed a higher proportion of somatotropin-treated heifers ovulating earlier.Moreover, cows treated with somatotropin prepartum increased milk production. Along with earlier resumption of estrous cycles, this strategy can have an important impact on farm profitability. IntroductionDuring the early postpartum period, high-producing cows experience a period of negative energy balance (NEB) that occurs as the requirements for milk production exceed the -E-mail: augusto.schneider@live.com 935 energy obtained through feeding (Butler, 2003). In early postpartum dairy cows, the du...

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Genomics and metabolomics of post‐weaning return to estrus

Rempel

Rohrer

Nonneman

2017

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The weaning-to-estrus interval is a multifaceted trait that has the potential to substantially improve production efficiency in today's global swine industry, if variation in this measure can be reduced. Systems-biology approaches should help close the knowledge gap and increase selection tools and management strategies-such as gilt development programs, farrowing, and lactation feeding programs-to decrease the weaning-to-estrus interval. Metabolomics, the study of small compounds within biofluids and tissues, provides links between genotype and phenotype. Given the complexity and influence of the environment on the weaning-to-estrus interval, incorporating metabolomics data will provide valuable insight and guidance for future physiological as well as genetic and genomic strategies to reduce this interval, thereby improving sow productivity.genomics, metabolomics, swine, weaning-to-estrus interval Using complementary scientific approaches that look at systems-level changes. . . should provide a more complete profile of weaning-to-estrus interval.

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Influence of negative energy balance on cyclicity and fertility in the high producing dairy cow

Cited by 319 publications

References 29 publications

Ovarian, metabolic and endocrine indexes in dairy cows with different body condition scores

Ovarian, metabolic and endocrine indexes in dairy cows with different body condition scores

Effect of prepartum somatotropin injection in late-pregnant Holstein heifers on metabolism, milk production and postpartum resumption of ovulation

Genomics and metabolomics of post‐weaning return to estrus

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