INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FLOW RATE ON FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF <font>TiN</font> COATINGS DEPOSITED ON TOOL STEEL USING ARC METHOD

Hamzah, Esah; Ourdjini, Ali; Ali, Mubarak; Akhter, Parvez; Toff, Mohd Radzi Hj. Mohd; Hamid, Mansor Abdul

doi:10.1142/s0218625x07010408

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Under varying chamber pressure, a discernible change in the morphology and growth rate of carbon films was observed [16]. TiN coatings on different substrates under varying process conditions employing 'cathodic arc physical vapor deposition', a different morphologystructure along with hardness, surface roughness, friction coefficient, adhesion strength and overall performance of coated tools have been studied [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In addition to these studies, there are several other available studies in the literature targeting TiN coatings along with their processing techniques and analyses [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

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Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate have caught the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery, ultra-precision machine-tool coatings and coatings for miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors, when in their certain transition states, provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gaseous nature atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid-natured atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of solid-natured atoms ejecting or dissociating from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique or approach. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

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Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While depositing TiN coatings on different substrates under varying process conditions while employing a technique known as 'cathodic arc physical vapor deposition', a different morphology-structure along with hardness, surface roughness, friction coefficient, adhesion strength and overall performance of coated tools were studied [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In addition to these studies, there are several other available studies in the literature targeting TiN coatings along with their processing techniques and analyses [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors as per recovering of transition states provide the provision for electron (of outer ring) belonging to gas atom to undertake another clamp of unfilled energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to solid atom. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per at the ground surface where they nearly worked oppositely to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron levels while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron levels. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the appropriately already landed atom where the adhered nitrogen atoms nearly incorporated in their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different nature atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface in the deposition chamber of certain energy source-based technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep the structure adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of coatings but also in the diversified class of materials and their counterparts, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

show abstract

“…While depositing TiN coatings on different substrates under varying process conditions employing 'cathodic arc physical vapor deposition', a different morphologystructure along with hardness, surface roughness, friction coefficient, adhesion strength and overall performance of coated tools have been reported [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In addition to these studies, there are several other available studies in the literature targeting TiN coatings along with their processing techniques and analyses [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coating of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate is of great interest to the scientific community. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms when their force-energy behaviors in certain transition states provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gas atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. In TiN coating, Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of ejecting or dissociating of solid-natured atoms from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

show abstract

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FLOW RATE ON FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF TiN COATINGS DEPOSITED ON TOOL STEEL USING ARC METHOD

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

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