Influence of Noise on the Visual Contrast Threshold

Broussard, Irvin G.; Walker, Robert Y.; Roberts, Ernest E.

doi:10.21236/ad0002790

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Kravkov and subsequent researchers have found that sensitivity to green light increases as sound intensity increased, but that this effect is reversed for orange-red light (Allen and Schwartz, 1940;Kravkov, 1936Kravkov, , 1939Letourneau, 1972;Letourneau and Zeidel, 1971). Other studies have found inhibitory effects (Davis, 1966;Maloney and Welch, 1972) and that the effect is dependent on the temporal relationship between the stimuli in each modality (Broussard, Walker, and Roberts, 1952;Coleman and Krauskopf, 1956;Ince, 1968) or with no effect whatsoever (Symons, 1963).…”

Section: Interaction Of Audition and Visionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Auditory-visual interactions

Ghirardelli¹,

Scharine²

2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Most displays or other devices designed to communicate information focus on a single sensory modality. This is perhaps a consequence of the fact that most research examining human perceptual capabilities has focused on a single sensory system at a time. However, most events in the natural environment generate physical information affecting multiple sensory modalities. This information is typically co-located in both space and time, and our perceptual systems have evolved to create a single coherent representation of our environment. Recent research has increasingly acknowledged the importance of these regularities, and the topic of multisensory integration became critical for understanding global awareness of the environment. This chapter presents an overview of the most recent research into the integration of auditory and visual information and presents considerations for the design of multisensory (i.e., auditory-visual) displays. The initial section of the chapter presents comparison of the basic features of the auditory and visual modalities and examines the effects of interacting visual and auditory stimuli. Included in this section is a discussion of the relative strengths and weaknesses of each modality and the situations in which one modality dominates. This section is followed by a discussion of perceptual effects when information from both modalities is complementary or conflicting and the role of multisensory attention on the perception of auditory-visual information. The final section of the chapter presents a discussion of the applications of auditory-visual integration principles to audiovisual display (e.g., helmet-mounted displays [HMDs]) and signal designs. Research on the interaction of a third modality, tactile or haptic displays, is just beginning and will not be discussed extensively here, although many of the same considerations can be expected to apply (see Chapter 18, Exploring the Tactile Modality for HMDs).

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Section: Interaction Of Audition and Visionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Auditory-visual interactions

Ghirardelli¹,

Scharine²

2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…The reaUty of the noise effect on such tasks seems fairly well-established Jerison and Wing (1957) have shown that about 114 db noise produces a decrement in a task consisting of three clock tests performed simultaneously. (The clock test is discussed in the next chapter : in Jerison's case the rate of signalling was high, one signal every 20 sec on the average overall, bat otherwise the task was similar,)* In addition Broussard, Walker and Roberts (1952), when investigating the effect of 90 db noise on the visual contrast threshold, found that reaction time to their near-threshold signals was longer in noise even though the threshold itself was normal.…”

Section: Perception and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Perception and Communication.

indicated¹

1989

Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews

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their action upon their common paths seem to lie at the very root of the great psychical forces of attention '. There are two reasons why this line of approach is particularly topical at the present day.The first of them is a theoretical one the current popularity of language, derived from communication theory, for the statement of psychological problems. Owing perhaps to the accident that psychologists working on hearing are naturally those in closest contact with telephone engineers, this popularity has been at its greatest in the auditory field. It may well be that too much has been expected from a purely linguistic device, which by itself will not provide the answer to the problems of psychology-Gregory (1953) has rightly pointed out that considering the brain as a computing machine produces the old problem of * atomism or Gestalt ? ' in the new language of ' digital or analogue }\ But new vocabularies do involve some shift in basic assumptions, and perhaps the point of permanent value which will remain in psychology if the fashion for communication theory wanes, will be the emphasis on problems of capacity.The latter, in communication theory, is a term representing the limiting quantity of information which can be transmitted through a given channel in a given time : if we send Morse code with a buzzer we cannot send a dot and a dash at the same time but must send them successively. An array of X buzzers would allow us to send x dots and dashes at once, provided we had a listener who could distinguish them.* The fact that any given channel has a limit is a matter of central importance to communication engineers, and it is correspondingly forced on the attention of psychologists who use their terms. Any hypothetical account of brain function must in future consider on the one hand the size of the brain (how many buzzers there are) and on the other hand the rate at which that brain will make reactions to a given set of incoming stimuli (the number of dots and dashes per second). * We will give an amplified account of capacity in Chapter 3, but still in non-technical and therefore inexact terms. For precise definitions of this and other terms in communication theory, reference should be made to the excellent glossary given by MacKay (in von Foerster 1952). All such terms are used in this book with MacKay's definitions, though they are introduced in popular language. 6 PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION This possibility, that one chain of events physically excludes another, has been somewhat neglected in physiology and psychology, though not of course completely. Sherrington is a siriking instance to the contrary, since his account of competition between different reflexes for common paths is essentially based on questions of capacity. But any account in which completely separate neural areas or pathways are postulated for different activities, neglects the possible use of the concept of capacity to explain the interference of these activities: and these types of account are common. Pavlovian theory, for instance, ...

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Extraauditory Effects of Acoustic Stimulation

Cohen

1977

Comprehensive Physiology

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The sections in this article are: Neurophysiological Basis for Extraauditory Effects Specific Extraauditory Effects Aspects of Sensory Interaction Reflex Response to Sound General Extraauditory Effects Effects of Sound Stimulation on Psychological State Effects of Sound Stimulation on Physiological State Special Considerations Regarding Extraauditory Response to Sound Exposure to Infrasound and Ultrasound Stress‐Sensitive Groups

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Influence of Noise on the Visual Contrast Threshold

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Auditory-visual interactions

Auditory-visual interactions

Review of Perception and Communication.

Extraauditory Effects of Acoustic Stimulation

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