Recent research results in the area of nanocomposites and nanostructured materials based on polyoxymethylene (POM) are reviewed in this chapter. Improvement of diff erent properties, such as mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, tribological properties, thermal stability and biocompatibility, are reported for these new POM-based materials, which indicate their high potential in structural and functional applications. As nanofi llers for POM-layered silicates, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and nanofi bers, polysilsesquioxanes (POSS), nanostructural hydroxyapatite or nanoparticulate oxides such as titanium dioxide, nanosilica, zirconium oxide and zinc oxide, are applied. Nanocomposites based on POM and diff erent types of nanofi llers reveal superior properties compared to conventional POM composites, but the amount of additive remains lower. Th e infl uence of nanofi ller type, manufacturing techniques, role of interfacial properties and kind of applied surface modifi cation of nanoparticles on the control of generated nanostructure is discussed. Moreover, complex morphology and properties of electrospun POM nanofi bers are analyzed with respect to the nanomaterials manufacturing conditions.