Influence of Olive Oil Emulsions on Dentin Demineralization in vitro

Abstract

The effect of two different concentrations of olive oil emulsions on development of artificial caries-like dentin lesions under severe demineralizing conditions was investigated. Bovine dentin samples (n = 180) were ground flat, polished, divided into four groups, and subjected to three demineralization cycles per day. Samples were stored in one of the following solutions for 5 min prior to demineralization in a buffer solution (pH 5): Group 1: 50% oil emulsion (olive oil and distilled water); group 2: 5% oil emulsion; group 3: distilled water; and group 4: 1,500 ppm sodium fluoride. Daily up to 9 days, lesion depth (ld) and mineral loss (ΔZ) were determined by means of microradiography and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s studentized range test (p ≤ 0.05). Lesion depth increased with time for all groups. Mineral loss increased in groups 1–3. A small but significant decrease in mineral loss was observed following treatment with lipid emulsions as compared to treatment with distilled water, but fluoride treatment was considerably more effective. Mean mineral loss (means ± SD in vol%·µm) averaged over the study period was 4,368 ± 1,599, 4,536 ± 1,823, 4,849 ± 1,798, and 789 ± 177 for group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Ratio (ΔZ/ld) remained constant around 30 vol% for groups 1–3, but decreased for group 4. In conclusion, externally provided lipids have the potential to reduce dentin demineralization in vitro.

Different Protocols to Produce Artificial Dentine Carious Lesions in vitro and in situ: Hardness and Mineral Content Correlation

“…In the buffer II group, the specimens were immersed in 30 ml of 50 m M acetate buffer solution containing 2.2 m M CaCl 2 , 2.2 m M KH 2 PO 4 , at pH 5.0, for 7 days [ten Cate and Duijsters, 1982;Damen et al, 1998]. In the TEMDP group, the specimens were immersed in 30 ml of 50 m M lactate buffer containing 3 m M CaCl 2 , 3 m M KH 2 PO 4 , 6 M tetraethyl methyl diphosphonate and traces of thymol, at pH 5.0, for 7 days [Buskes et al, 1985;Buchalla et al, 2003]. In all in vitro models, the specimens were separately immersed in unstirred solutions or gel at 37 ° C. Table 1 summarizes the degrees of saturation with respect to dentine minerals, pH and exposure time.…”

“…The other half of the specimens was additionally cut and hand polished plane-parallel from both cut sides with water-cooled silicon carbide disks (320-, 600-, and 1,200-grade papers, ANSI grit; Buehler) to a thickness of 138 8 7.6 m. After the immersion of the specimens in ethylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) for 24 h in order to avoid shrinkage during X-ray exposure due to desiccation [Buchalla et al, 2003], micrographs of each section together with an aluminum calibration step wedge with 14 steps were taken. High-speed holographic film (SO 253; Kodak AG, Stuttgart, Germany) was exposed with Ni-filtered quasimonochromatic Cu K ␣ X-rays ( = 0.154 nm) from a 1 !…”

“…Despite the large diversity of studies using different protocols to induce dentine carious lesions [McIntyre et al, 2000;Buchalla et al, 2003;Zaura et al, 2007;Marquezan et al, 2009], there is no study comparing in vitro to in situ models with respect to their potential to induce demineralization. It is important to point out that the kind of lesion influences the behavior to further de-or remineralization, as the surface layer, porosity and lesion depth can play an important role in the mineral diffusion [ten Cate, 1994;Kawasaki et al, 2000;Preston et al, 2008;Bertassoni et al, 2010].…”

“…Transverse microradiography (TMR) provides a quantitative measure of the mineral content and has been widely used also to assess transverse mineral distribution of caries lesions in dentine [Inaba et al, 1997;Buchalla et al, 2003]. Therefore, this method is considered as the gold standard for the quantification of the mineral content of caries lesions in vitro.…”

Effect of Safflower Oil on the Protective Properties of the in situ Formed Salivary Pellicle

“…Though knowledge on lipids in the acquired pellicle is based on only these two publications [Slomiany et al, 1986[Slomiany et al, , 1990, their possible impact on the protective properties has been discussed extensively [Hannig and Joiner, 2006]. Furthermore, several in vitro studies neglecting the in situ pellicle indicated that vegetable oil mouthrinses or olive oil-containing preparations might form a protective coating on dental hard tissues decreasing erosive mineral loss [Buchalla et al, 2003;Wiegand et al, 2007]. Irrespective of the lipid composition the pellicle is regarded as a semi-permeable barrier and buffer reducing erosive mineral loss [Hara et al, 2006;Hannig et al, 2009].…”