Influence of Oxidative Stress on Stored Platelets

Abstract

Platelet storage and its availability for transfusion are limited to 5-6 days. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the causes for reduced efficacy and shelf-life of platelets. The studies on platelet storage have focused on improving the storage conditions by altering platelet storage solutions, temperature, and materials. Nevertheless, the role of OS on platelet survival during storage is still unclear. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of storage on platelets. Platelets were stored for 12 days at 22°C. OS markers such as aggregation, superoxides, reactive oxygen species, glucose, pH, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and antioxidant enzymes were assessed. OS increased during storage as indicated by increments in aggregation, superoxides, pH, conjugate dienes, and superoxide dismutase and decrements in glucose and catalase. Thus, platelets could endure OS till 6 days during storage, due to the antioxidant defense system. An evident increase in OS was observed from day 8 of storage, which can diminish the platelet efficacy. The present study provides an insight into the gradual changes occurring during platelet storage. This lays the foundation towards new possibilities of employing various antioxidants as additives in storage solutions.

Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by CD45- Cells Distinct from Leukocyte Population in Platelet Concentrates Is Correlated with the Expression and Release of Platelet Activation Markers during Storage

“…As already shown by Skripchenko et al [39], we demonstrated a significant increase in ROS production from day 3 after storage. This suggests that, contrary to the study by Manasa and Vani [37], the platelet antioxidant system prevent oxidative stress progression endures for 3 days in banked PCs under conditions of continuous agitation. It is important to know that without pre-storage leukoreduction PCs inevitably include a residual amount of leukocytes which, although their concentration is very low, may contain much higher levels of ROS than platelets, especially when they form aggregate with platelets [40].…”

“…In addition, platelet dysfunction reported in patients with genetically determined impaired O 2 -formation can provide further supporting evidence for the importance of ROS generation in eliciting platelet activation [18,36]. However, whether platelet oxidative changes first induce platelet activation or whether platelet stimulation with activating agonists triggers ROS generation is still not defined unambiguously [37]. Platelet storage is also associated with ROS generation.…”

“…Platelet storage is also associated with ROS generation. Using rat platelets suspended in Tyrode's buffer, Manasa and Vani [37] demonstrated a significant increase of superoxides after 6 days of storage. They also showed significant increment of SOD during this period while catalase activity significantly decreased after 8 days of storage.…”

Isolated platelet concentrate transfusion during surgery: a single‐center observational cohort study

“…During storage, platelet lactate levels rise, platelet additive solution becomes progressively acidotic, and in vitro platelet responses to agonists such as thrombin and collagen decrease substantially . Oxidative stress also increases in stored platelets, depleting their antioxidant defense mechanisms . Together, these changes may lead to altered platelet function and in vivo aggregation.…”

Potential contribution of mitochondrial DNA damage associated molecular patterns in transfusion products to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after multiple transfusions

“…In addition, because the mature platelet does not contain a nucleus, it lacks the machinery to repair oxidative mtDNA damage, thereby creating a condition wherein platelet mtDNA may undergo cycles of replication and degradation (24). In light of these considerations, it is tempting to speculate that an oxidant-enriched environment in stored platelets (25, 26) leads to oxidative mtDNA damage and attendant elaboration of mtDNA DAMPs (8, 17), which may, in turn, contribute to the limited shelf-life of platelets (27). …”