Influence of phase morphology and crystalline structure on the toughness of rubber-toughened isotatic polypropylene blends

Du, Hainan; Zhang, Yu; Liu, Hong; Liu, Kejun; Jin, Ming; Li, Xinpeng; Zhang, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.012

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, the fracture toughness of iPP is low, especially at low temperatures or under high stress load. In this regard, iPP toughening has been a research hotspot . Shish–kebab is a self‐reinforced structure that has attracted increasing attention because of its ability to reinforce polymer products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of shish–kebab and β‐crystal on the mechanical properties of polypropylene

Zhou

Zhang

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The oriented "shish-kebab" structure and b-crystal can enhance the mechanical properties of polypropylene products. In this regard, equipment and b-nucleation agents have been developed or modified to form shish-kebab and b-crystal. However, the effect of shish-kebab/b-crystal proportion on the mechanical properties of polypropylene remains unclear. The answer is crucial but remains a challenge because of the difficulty in manipulating the shish-kebab proportion. In this work, we used a self-made multiflow vibrate-injection molding, which can provide a controllable shear flow, to produce samples with different shear-layer thicknesses. The shish-kebab proportion was represented by R, which is the thickness ratio of the shear layer to that of the whole sample. Results showed that the tensile strength exponentially increased, whereas the elongation at break exponentially decreased, with R. The impact strength remained constant with R, indicating that the shish-kebab and b-crystal possessed similar toughening effects. This work proposes a schematic to interpret the strengthening mechanism involved and presents a method of establishing and controlling the mechanical properties of polypropylene samples by using shish-kebab structures and b-crystals. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl.Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45052.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of shish–kebab and β‐crystal on the mechanical properties of polypropylene

Zhou

Zhang

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] But its rather poor impact resistance strongly limits its wider applications, especially at temperatures below its glass transition temperature (around or below 0 C) when its amorphous phase is frozen in the glassy state. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] A signicant amount of work has been carried out to improve the low temperature toughness of PP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Despite the cost of stiffness and strength, the elastomer will improve the mobility of the PP amorphous phase, allowing for cavitation in the amorphous phase (inside the elastomer domains or at the elastomer/PP interface) and facilitating the shear yielding/ plastic ow of the crystalline network, consequently dissipating much energy. 5,7,8,[10][11][12] So numerous investigations have been conducted on the toughening behavior of elastomers. 5,8,10,12,[15][16][17][18] In addition to their content, the key inuencing factors on the toughness are considered to be compatibility of the elastomer with the PP matrix and the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the elastomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7,8,[10][11][12] So numerous investigations have been conducted on the toughening behavior of elastomers. 5,8,10,12,[15][16][17][18] In addition to their content, the key inuencing factors on the toughness are considered to be compatibility of the elastomer with the PP matrix and the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the elastomer. 8,9,15,16 The compatibility will determine the phase morphology, which strongly affects the cavitation behavior, and the T g is responsible for the improvement in amorphous chain mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporation of elastomers with good compatibility and low T g (such as ethyleneoctene copolymer, POE) will improve the low temperature toughness of PP by a order of magnitude as long as its loading is high enough. 5,8,9,15,17 On the other hand, however, less attention is paid to the effect of PP intrinsic microstructures on the low temperature toughness. [19][20][21][22][23][24] As introduced above and demonstrated by previous works, 7,12,15,23,24 the toughening behavior is primarily initiated in the PP amorphous phase and the energy could be much dissipated in the PP crystalline phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergetic effects of a matrix crystalline structure and chain mobility on the low temperature toughness of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends

Geng

Yang

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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It is believed that the good toughness of b-modified polypropylene (PP) is due to its easier lamellar slippage compared with that of a-modified PP, while the improvement in toughness of PP caused by annealing is due to increased chain mobility in the amorphous part of PP. The aim of this work is to reveal the combined effects of the matrix crystalline structure and amorphous chain mobility on the low temperature toughness of PP/ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) blends by b-modification and annealing. An impact test was performed over a wide range of temperatures (room temperature, 0 C, À20 C and À40 C) to verify the enhancement in toughness, and various characterizations were carried out to inspect the structural evolution and toughening mechanism. The results show that b-modification and annealing will work synergistically to toughen the blend and reduce the POE content necessary for effective toughening over the temperature range tested, due to the synergetic enhancement in the matrix cavitation ability. Besides, the tensile properties will not be lowered by b-modification and annealing.This work not only provides a more efficient way to improve the impact resistance of polymers with stiffness-toughness balance, but also demonstrates the vital role of matrix microstructures on the toughness of the material.

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Crystallization, mechanical, and fracture behavior of mullite fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

Vengatesan¹,

Singh²,

Pillai³

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study describes the reinforcement effect of surface modified mullite fibers on the crystallization, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP). The nanocomposites were developed using polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as compatibilizer with different weight ratios (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 wt %) of amine functionalized mullite fibers (AMUF) via solution blending method. Chemical grafting of AMUF with PP-g-MA resulted in enhanced filler dispersion in the polymer as well as effective filler-polymer interactions. The dispersion of nanofiller in the polymer matrix was identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) elemental mapping and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. AMUF increased the Young's modulus of PP in the nanocomposites up to a 5 wt % filler content, however, at 10 wt % loading, a decrease in the modulus resulted due to agglomeration of AMUF. The impact strength of PP increased simultaneously with the modulus as a function of AMUF content (up to 5 wt %). The mechanical properties of PP-AMUF nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal performance as compared to pure PP matrix, thus, confirming the overall potential of the generated composites for a variety of structural applications. The mechanical properties of 5 wt % of AMUF filled PP nanocomposite were also compared with PP nanocomposites generated with unmodified MUF and the results confirmed superior mechanical properties on incorporation of modified filler. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43725.

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Influence of phase morphology and crystalline structure on the toughness of rubber-toughened isotatic polypropylene blends

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

Quantification of shish–kebab and β‐crystal on the mechanical properties of polypropylene

Quantification of shish–kebab and β‐crystal on the mechanical properties of polypropylene

Synergetic effects of a matrix crystalline structure and chain mobility on the low temperature toughness of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends

Crystallization, mechanical, and fracture behavior of mullite fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

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