Influence of phosphate and nitrate supply on root hair formation of rape, spinach and tomato plants

Foehse, Doris; Jungk, A.

doi:10.1007/bf02181353

Cited by 261 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the diffusion coefficient for phosphate ion in soil is very low compared to those for other nutrients (Clarkson, 1981); consequently, plants do not deplete the total volume of the rooted soil layer but only that part of the soil which is in the immediate vicinity of the roots (Föhse and Jungk, 1983).…”

Section: Thus Mass Flow Delivers Only Little Phosphate Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of soil phosphorus and plant adaptation mechanisms to phosphorus stress for sustainable crop production: a review

Balemi

Negisho

2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

215

145

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Phosphorus is one of the seventeen essential nutrients required for plant growth. Despite its importance, it is limiting crop yield on more than 40% of the world's arable land. Moreover, global P reserves are being depleted at a higher rate and according to some estimates there will be no soil P reserve by the year 2050.This is a potential threat to sustainable crop production. Most of the P applied in the form of fertilizers may be adsorbed by the soil, and is not available for plants lacking specific adaptations. Available soil P and hence crop yield can, however, be increased through applying P containing fertilizers to feed the ever increasing world population. The P contained in crop residues if left in the field can be recycled by incorporating the residues into the soil whereas part of P in crop residues fed to livestock can be returned back to the soil in the form of manure and as bone meal. Additionally, plants have evolved a diverse array of strategies to obtain adequate P for their growth under P limiting conditions (a term called as P-efficiency mechanisms). Plant P-efficiency mechanisms include both improved uptake efficiency (the ability of a plant to take up more P under P limiting condition) and improved utilization efficiency (the ability of a plant to produce higher dry matter yield per unit P taken up). Uptake efficiency mechanisms include modification of root architecture, development of large root system, longer root hairs and thinner roots, exudation of low molecular weight organic acids, protons and enzymes such as phosphatases and phytases, association with mycorrhiza, production of cluster roots and expression of high affinity P transporters all of which contribute to increased P uptake efficiency of the plant. Other mechanisms include the use of alternative P-independent enzymes and glycolytic pathways, efficient cytoplasmic P homeostasis and higher ability to remobilize P from other plant parts all of which are part of enhanced P utilization efficiency. Traits related to the above morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptation mechanisms under P stress can be utilized in improving cultivated crops for P efficiency through breeding programs.

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Section: Thus Mass Flow Delivers Only Little Phosphate Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of soil phosphorus and plant adaptation mechanisms to phosphorus stress for sustainable crop production: a review

Balemi

Negisho

2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

215

145

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“…When P supply is reduced, many plant species increase root hair development. Root hair length and density of tomato, rape and spinach grown in solution culture increased as P concentration in the solution decreased, which would increase the ability of the plant to absorb P (Foehse and Jungk 1984).…”

Section: Differences Among Plants In P Uptake Strategies and Effectivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In split root studies, spinach plants produced root hairs in areas of high P concentration if the major part of the total root system was exposed to low P concentrations (Foehse and Jungk 1984), indicating that formation of root hairs depends on the P status of the plant rather than the P status of the solution. Root hairs of some plants may, therefore, proliferate in regions of high P concentration, to increase P uptake when the plant as a whole is deficient in P. Soper (1973, 1974 a,b) reported that plant species differed in their ability to proliferate roots when they contacted a region of high P. Rapeseed and buckwheat showed a great ability to proliferate roots, increasing their root mass by five-to eightfold in a simulated P fertilizer reaction zone.…”

Section: Differences Among Plants In P Uptake Strategies and Effectivmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition

Grant¹,

Flaten²,

Tomasiewicz³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

425

300

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. 2001. The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 211-224. A review of studies conducted in a range of plant species indicated the importance of an adequate supply of P during early crop growth and outlined plant adaptations for accessing early season P. Potential implications of the requirement for early season P in the development of management practices to optimize P supply for crop production were also discussed. Phosphorus plays a critical role in energy reactions in the plant. Deficits can influence essentially all energy requiring processes in plant metabolism. Phosphorus stress early in the growing season can restrict crop growth, which can carry through to reduce final crop yield. Deficiencies during early growth generally have a greater negative influence on crop productivity than P restrictions imposed later in growth. Plants respond to P deficiencies by adaptations that increase the likelihood of producing some viable seed. The adaptations increase the ability of the plant to access and accumulate P and include modification of rhizosphere pH, diversion of resources to root production, increased root proliferation in high-P regions, and formation of associations with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae. Plants differ in strategies adopted and in efficiency of P absorption.Effective nutrient management for optimal crop production must ensure that P is supplied to the crop in adequate amounts early in the growing season. It is important that we develop methods to accurately predict the early season P supply from the soil, in order to avoid either over-fertilization or crop deficiencies. Practices to provide adequate P early in plant growth include placement of P fertilizer in or near the seed-row and maintenance of adequate concentrations of plant-available P in the soil through a long-term nutrient management strategy. Other possible management practices could include enhancement of seed concentrations of P, manipulation of tillage system and crop sequence, improved activity of mycorrhizae and other microbiological agents such as Penicillium bilaii to increase phytoavailability of soil P, or genetic selection of crops with an enhanced ability for early season uptake of P from both soil and fertilizer sources. As plants differ in relative abilities to access P from the soil and fertilizer applications, nutrient management must be tailored to the specific crop, in order to optimize P supply and crop productivity. By restricting fertilizer applications to situations where P supply is limiting to crop production and by use of effective P management practices, we can optimize the economic of fertilizer use while avoiding negative impacts on environmental quality. Une analyse des recherches effectuées sur diverses espèces végétales révèle l'importance d'un apport suffisant de phosphore au début de la période végétative et montre comment les plantes s'adaptent pour trouver le phosphore (P) dont elles ont besoin. Les auteurs ont aussi examiné les conséquences éventuelles de cette...

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“…Some studies show that the differences between genotypes in terms of root hairs are more significant under soil P deficiency (Föhse & Jungk, 1983;Gahoonia et al, 1999). This finding was not confirmed in this experiment, since the variations in length and density of root hairs were greatest in the treatment with high soil P content.…”

Section: Root Hairsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the environmental and genetic factors, root hairs vary in number, length and longevity (Jungk, 2001). According to Föhse & Jungk (1983), the development of root hairs is strongly influenced by the supply of mineral nutrients, especially P. The authors found that at high P concentrations, root hairs were absent or only rudimentary in rape, spinach and tomato plants, but increased in number and length at low concentrations. In wheat and barley, differences in P uptake have been attributed to variations in length, diameter and density of root hairs (Gahoonia et al, , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizosphere properties of maize genotypes with contrasting phosphorus efficiency

Brasil

Alves

Marriel

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYAn experiment was conducted in a growth chamber to evaluate characteristics of the rhizosphere of maize genotypes contrasting in P-use efficiency, by determining length and density of root hairs, the rhizosphere pH and the functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria. A sample of a Red Oxisol was limed and fertilized with N, K and micronutrients. In the treatment with the highest P level, 174 mg kg -1 P was added. Each experimental unit corresponded to a PVC rhizobox filled with 2.2 dm -3 soil. The experiment was completely randomized with three replications in a 5 x 2 factorial design, corresponding to five genotypes (H1, H2 and H3 = P-efficient hybrids, H4 and H5 = P-inefficient hybrids) and two P levels (low = 3 mg dm -3 , high = 29 mg dm -3 ). It was found that 18 days after transplanting, the nodal roots of the hybrids H3 and H2 had the longest root hairs. In general, the pH in the rhizosphere of the different genotypes was higher than in non-rhizosphere soil, irrespective of the P level. The pH was higher in the rhizosphere of lateral than of nodal roots. At low P levels, the pH variation of the hybrids H2, H4 and H5 was greater in rhizospheric than in non-rhizospheric soil. The functional microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the hybrids H3 and H5 was highest. At low soil P levels, the indices of microbial functional diversity were also higher. The microbial metabolic profile in the rhizosphere of hybrids H1, H2, H3, and H5 remained unaltered when the plants were grown at low P. The variations in the rhizosphere properties could not be related to patterns of P-use efficiency in the tested genotypes.Index terms: P-acquisition, mechanisms, rizobox.

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Influence of phosphate and nitrate supply on root hair formation of rape, spinach and tomato plants

Cited by 261 publications

References 9 publications

Management of soil phosphorus and plant adaptation mechanisms to phosphorus stress for sustainable crop production: a review

Management of soil phosphorus and plant adaptation mechanisms to phosphorus stress for sustainable crop production: a review

The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition

Rhizosphere properties of maize genotypes with contrasting phosphorus efficiency

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