Influence of phosphorus application on growth and cadmium uptake of spinach in two cadmium‐contaminated soils

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of phosphate (P) application on diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable cadmium (Cd) in soil and on growth and uptake of Cd by spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Two soils varying in texture were contaminated by application of five levels of Cd (NO3)2 (0, 20, 30, 40, and 60 mg Cd kg–1). Three levels of KH2PO4 (0, 12, and 24 mg P kg–1) were applied to determine immobilization of Cd by P. Spinach was grown for 60 d after seeding. Progressive contamination of soils through application of Cd affected dry‐matter yield (DMY) of spinach shoot differently in the two soils, with 67% reduction of DMY in the sandy soil and 34% in the silty‐loam soil. The application of P increased DMY of spinach from 4.53 to 6.06 g pot–1 (34%) in silty‐loam soil and from 3.54 to 5.12 g pot–1 (45%) in sandy soil. The contamination of soils increased Cd concentration in spinach shoots by 34 times in the sandy soil and 18 times in the silty‐loam soil. The application of P decreased Cd concentration in shoot. The decrease of Cd concentration was higher in the sandy soil in comparison to the silty‐loam soil. Phosphorus application enhanced DMY of spinach by decreasing Cd concentration in soil as well as in plants. The results indicate that Cd toxicity in soil can be alleviated by P application.

Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption

“…7). Similar results have also been reported (Keller and Römer, 2001;Zhang et al, 2002;Dheri et al, 2007). Application of P-containing materials influences the bioavailability of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil (Qiu et al, 2011).…”

Effect of Cadmium on <i>Lactuca sativa</i> Grown in Hydroponic Culture Enriched with Phosphate Fertilizer

“…The presence of 100 µM Cd didn't affect root length of lettuces after 7 days of culture in Hoagland's medium enriched with Cd(NO 3 ) 2 [11]. When phosphorus was added at 686 mg/L level, root length was inhibited only when cadmium was at its highest level (0.372 mg/L) and this behavior was not observed when P2 was applied enhancing the hypothesis of Cd-P complex formation in roots that inhibits cadmium absorption [4] (Table 5). Although in non-significant way, root length was increased when P was added as it is a limiting factor for plant and root growth.…”

“…It is considered as a potentially phytotoxic element due to its high toxicity and solubility in water [4]. Most general symptoms of Cd toxicity in plants are stunted growth, chlorosis, necrotic lesions, wilting and disturbances in mineral nutrition and carbohydrate metabolism.…”

“…Most general symptoms of Cd toxicity in plants are stunted growth, chlorosis, necrotic lesions, wilting and disturbances in mineral nutrition and carbohydrate metabolism. It strongly reduces biomass production and even conducts to integral plant death [4]- [6]. Cadmium has been shown to interfere with uptake, transport, and use of several nutrient elements and water by plants.…”

Acquisition and Homeostasis of Iron in Higher Plants and Their Probable Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

“…Therefore, an adequate and balanced supply of nutrients at the correct time is required for the proper growth and development of plants, maintenance of better soil fertility, and preservation of an intensive cropping system to maintain the global food production, particularly in developing countries (Dordas, 2009;Hansch and Mendel, 2009;Sarwar et al, 2010;Moharana et al, 2012;Waraich et al, 2012). In addition, studies also showed that an exogenous supply of nutrients plays a crucial role in the enhancement of plant tolerance against various abiotic stresses (Pankovic et al, 2000;Hassan et al, 2005;Tlustos et al, 2006;Dheri et al, 2007;Sarwar et al, 2010). Some Abbreviations: DMAS, deoxymugineic acid synthase; FRO, ferric-chelate reductase oxidase; HA, H + -ATPase; IRT, iron-regulated transporter; MAs, mugineic acid family phytosiderophores; NA, nicotianamine; NAAT, nicotianamine aminotransferase; NAS, nicotianamine synthase; PEZ, PHENOLICS EFFLUX ZERO; SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine; TOM1, transporter of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores 1; YS1/YSL, YELLOW STRIPE 1/YELLOW STRIPE 1-like.…”