Influence of physical distance between cultivars on yield, outcrossing rate and selective fruit drop in avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae)

Alcaraz, M.L.; Hormaza, J. I.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2011.00469.x

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The results show a high outcrossing rate in mango in the line of previous paternity studies using morphological (Singh et al, 1962;Mukherjee et al, 1968;Sharma and Singh, 1970) and molecular traits (Schnell et al, 1994;Dag et al, 1997;Degani et al, 1997b;Dag et al, 1998;Dag et al, 2001;Santos and Neto, 2011). Those results suggest the presence of negative selection after fertilization of fruits resulting from selfing, a similar situation to that also reported in other subtropical fruit crops such as avocado or lychee (Degani et al, 1995;Degani et al, 1997a;Alcaraz and Hormaza, 2011).…”

Section: Selfing and Outcrossing In Mangosupporting

confidence: 88%

Self-fertility and preferential cross-fertilization in mango ( Mangifera indica )

Pérez

Herrero

Hormaza

2016

Scientia Horticulturae

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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit tree originated from Southeastern Asia, which is cultivated worldwide in regions with tropical and subtropical climates. Mango cultivation area has significantly extended in the last decades often to regions where environmental conditions are not the most favourable for optimal mango flower development and fruit set and, consequently, several reproductive problems had been described in this species. Some of them could be related to self-incompatibility, but so far information is not clear on the possible self-incompatibility system operating in this crop. In this work we study pollen tube growth, following self and cross pollination, in three mango cultivars ('Osteen', 'Kent' and 'Kensington'). Paternity was also determined in the offspring of two of these cultivars-'Osteen' and 'Kent'-and in a solid block of an additional cultivar, 'Keitt'. Sequential examination of pollen tube

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Section: Selfing and Outcrossing In Mangosupporting

confidence: 88%

Self-fertility and preferential cross-fertilization in mango ( Mangifera indica )

Pérez

Herrero

Hormaza

2016

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…Self-pollen tubes are often arrested in the upper style of macadamia flowers whereas cross-pollen tubes have a higher likelihood of penetrating to the lower style and initiating fruit set [35,37,99]. Most initially-set fruit abscise during the first half of the fruit development period [46,55,57,100] and so it is possible that self-pollinated fruit are shed selectively during this period of immature fruit drop [101][102][103].…”

Section: Levels Of Cross-and Self-paternitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars

Richards

Kämper

Trueman

et al. 2020

Plants

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Tree nuts play an important role in healthy diets, but their economic value and nutritional quality may be affected by their size and paternity. We assessed relationships between nut size and kernel recovery, the incidence of whole kernels, fatty acid composition and mineral nutrient concentrations in three macadamia cultivars, "Daddow", "816" and "A4". We determined to what extent differences in nut size and quality were the result of different levels of cross-or self-paternity. Small nuts of all cultivars had lower kernel recovery than large nuts, and small nuts provided lower incidence of whole kernels in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had a lower relative abundance of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, in all cultivars and higher relative abundance of the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had higher concentrations of many essential nutrients such as nitrogen and calcium, although potassium concentrations were lower in small kernels. Most nuts arose from cross-pollination. Therefore, nut size and kernel quality were not related to different levels of cross-and self-paternity. Identified cross-paternity was 88%, 78% and 90%, and identified self-paternity was 3%, 2% and 0%, for "Daddow", "816" and "A4", respectively. Small macadamia kernels are at least as nutritious as large macadamia kernels. High levels of cross-paternity confirmed that many macadamia cultivars are predominantly outcrossing. Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.Plants 2020, 9, 228 2 of 14 also a valuable source of calcium, iron and zinc, which can be absorbed insufficiently during phases of high dietary demand such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy and breastfeeding [16][17][18][19][20][21].The fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations of tree-nut kernels can vary greatly among cultivars [9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations can also vary within almond or pistachio cultivars because of differences in the pollen parentage of individual kernels [22][23][24][25]29,30]. For example, self-pollinated kernels of some almond cultivars have lower oleic:linoleic acid ratios than cross-pollinated kernels [25,29]. In addition, self-pollinated kernels of some almond, chestnut and hazelnut cultivars are smaller than cross-pollinated kernels [22,[31][32][33]. Such effects of the paternal genetic background on the size or quality of the embryo are termed "xenia", and xenic effects are common in fruit and nut crops [34]. Therefore, maximising both yield and human-health benefits may depend upon ensuring high levels of cross-pollination in tree-nut orchards.Relationships between kernel size, nutritional composition, and cross-or self-paternity are poorly understood for some nuts, including the subtropical tree nut, macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla and hybrids). Macadamia flowers are bee-pollinated and partially self-incompatible [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]...

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“…During the second opening, the flowers are functionally male with dehisced anthers and the stigmas lose receptivity (Davenport 1986). However, self‐fertilization is possible under particular environmental conditions that extend stigmatic receptivity (Alcaraz and Hormaza 2010). Although numerous factors, including extreme temperatures (Sedgley 1977, 1987, Sedgley and Annells 1981), outcrossing rate (Degani et al 1989, 1990, 1997), alternate bearing (Hodgson and Cameron 1935, Hodgson 1947), overlap in flowering stages (Alcaraz and Hormaza 2009, 2010) and nutritional deficiencies (Embleton et al 1959, Lahav and Zamet 1999) could influence the fruit set rate, it is still unknown why most flowers prematurely abscise while some remain on the tree (Garner et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovary starch reserves and pistil development in avocado (Persea americana)

Alcaraz

Hormaza

Rodrigo

2010

Physiologia Plantarum

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In avocado, only a very small fraction of the flowers are able to set fruit. Previous work in other woody perennial plant species has shown the importance of carbohydrates accumulated in the flower in the reproductive process. Thus, in order to explore the implications of the nutritive status of the flower in the reproductive process in avocado, the starch content in the pistil has been examined in individual pollinated and non-pollinated flowers at anthesis and during the days following anthesis. Starch content in different pistilar tissues in each flower was quantified with the help of an image analysis system attached to a microscope. Flowers at anthesis were rich in highly compartmentalized starch. Although no external morphological differences could be observed among flowers, the starch content varied widely at flower opening. Starch content in the ovary is largely independent of flower size because these differences were not correlated with ovary size. Differences in the progress of starch accumulation within the ovule integuments between pollinated and non-pollinated flowers occurred concomitantly with the triggering of the progamic phase. The results suggest that starch reserves in the ovary could play a significant role in the reproductive process in avocado.

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Influence of physical distance between cultivars on yield, outcrossing rate and selective fruit drop in avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Self-fertility and preferential cross-fertilization in mango ( Mangifera indica )

Self-fertility and preferential cross-fertilization in mango ( Mangifera indica )

Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars

Ovary starch reserves and pistil development in avocado (Persea americana)

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