Influence of Physical Training on the Effects of Dietary Oils on Cardiac Morphology and Phospholipids in Rats

Abstract

Male wistar rats fed purified diets containing 15% sunflower oil (SF) by weight, high erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEAR) or low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LEAR) for 12 weeks and subjected to a moderate treadmill running program were compared with sedentary animals fed the same diets on the basis of cardiac morphology and complete analysis of cardiac phospholipids. HEAR caused the highest incidence and number of heart lesions both in untrained and trained rats but in the latter there was a highly significant increase of the lesions. LEAR gave a higher incidence of lesions than SF in untrained rats but not in trained ones. If compared to SF, HEAR and LEAR increased cardiac diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and sphingomyelin (SM) content (mg/g wet tissue) and decreased phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in untrained rats. Marked changes in the fatty acid pattern of these phospholipids were also observed. PE and PC in trained and untrained rats fed HEAR or LEAR contained elevated levels of C 22:5 (n-3) and C 22:6 (n-3) fatty acids whereas the C 22:4 (n-6) and C 22:6 (n-6) polyenes disappeared. Monoenes (C 18:1, C 20:1 or C 22:1) largely incorporated in DPG of rats fed the cruciferous oils. In SM levels of saturated fatty acids (C 16:0, C 18:0, C 20:0) and of n-9 monoenes (C 18:1 C 20:1 C 22:1 C 24:1) were higher in rats fed HEAR or LEAR than in those fed SF. These changes were mainly related to the high level of n-9 monoenes (oleic, eicosenoic and erucic acids) as well as to the high ratio linolenic/linoleic acid present in cruciferous oils. Physical training interacted with the effects of these dietary oils on the cardiac phospholipid composition. The relation between changes in phospholipid composition and the incidence and the number of cardiac lesions is discussed.

Effect of chronic wheel running on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in rat serum, skeletal muscle and heart

“…We found the PL content of the heart to be lower in the trained animals, in contrast with Rocquelin et al. (1981), who found higher PL in trained rats.…”

“…The same lack of consensus (with the same probable reasons) can be ascertained among the studies that have examined the effect of chronic exercise on the fatty acid composition of the heart (Wirth et al. 1980, Rocquelin et al. 1981, Tibbits et al.…”

“…However, there is no consensus as to the effect of exercise, probably because of the near uniqueness of each of these studies in terms of type of exercise, species, subcellular fraction, lipid class and diet of the animals or humans examined. The same lack of consensus (with the same probable reasons) can be ascertained among the studies that have examined the effect of chronic exercise on the fatty acid composition of the heart (Wirth et al 1980, Rocquelin et al 1981, Tibbits et al 1981, Ayre et al 1998, Mataix et al 1998, Demaison et al 2000, Quiles et al 2001) and plasma or serum (Hurter et al 1972, Allard et al 1973, Vihko et al 1973, Wirth et al 1979, Hambleton et al 1980, Masumura et al 1992, Andersson et al 1998, Hashimoto et al 1999, Quiles et al 2003.…”

Relationship between lipid parameters and the occurrence and severity of lesions in the heart : a study on rats fed low erucic acid rapeseed oil

“…Phospholipids were separated from non-phosphorus lipids on silicic acid cartridges (Juaneda and Rocquelin, 1985). Quantification of the phospholipid classes was done as described previously (Rocquelin et al, 1981 (Schatzoff, 1966;Pillai and Gupta, 1969;Lee, 1972 Honeywell-Bull computer, using SPAD programs (Lebart and Morineau, 1982) for PCA, AMANCE programs (Bachacou et al, 1981) for ANOVA and MAHA 3P program (Romeder, 1973) for stepwise discriminant analysis.…”

Influence des acides linoléique (18:2 n-6) et α-linolénique (18:3 n-3) sur la composition, la perméabilité et la fluidité des phospholipides cardiaques du rat : étude à l'aide de modèles membranaires (liposomes)

“…De très nombreux travaux ont montré que les acides gras alimentaires font varier la composition en acides gras et les teneurs en phospholipides des membra- Fujikawa, 1982 ;Kramer, 1980 ; Lee Shu et Kummerow, 1977 ;McMurchie et a/., 1983 ;Munsch, 1966 ;Robblee et Clandinin, 1984 ;Rocquelin et al, 1981 ;Tahin et al, 1981 ;Tinoco et al, 1978 ;Wolff et al, 1984 ;Yu et al, 1980 (Shinitzky et Barenholz, 1974 (De Gier et al, 1968 ;De Gier, 1973 ;Fettiplace, 1978 ;Li-Fu Chen et al, 1971) (Berlin et al, 1980 ;Eichenberger et a/., 1982 ;Lippiello et al, 1979 ;Martin et Thompson, 1978 ;Pessin et al, 1978 ;Rouer et al, 1980 ; Barenholz, 19781, elles Vanderkooi, 1976), présence des protéines (Shinitzky et Barenholz, 1978), taux de cholestérol (Andrich et Vanderkooi, 1976 ;Shinitzky et Inbar, 1976), nature des têtes polaires dans les phospholipides. A ce sujet, il a été montré (Barenholz et Thompson, 1980, Esko et al, 1977 …”