Influence of plant growth regulators on volatiles produced by in vitro grown shoots of Agastache rugosa (Fischer & C.A.Meyer) O. Kuntze

Abstract

The composition of volatile organic compounds emitted by in vitro shoots of Agastache rugosa (Fischer & C.A. Meyer) O. Kuntze (Lamiaceae) was studied using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared to the those emitted by adult plants and in vitro-germinated seedlings. Shoot-tip explants were cultured on a solid MS medium supplemented with either 4.4 lM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 9.3 lM kinetin, or 0.45 lM thidiazuron and with either 0.57 lM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 0.41 lM picloram. Shoot proliferation was observed in all these treatments. The presence of these plant growth regulators in the culture medium significantly influenced the composition of volatiles as well as morphogenetic responses observed. The number and quality of regenerating shoots and frequency of axillary bud break were highest in medium containing the BA ? IAA combination. Sixty-five compounds were identified in the headspace of the in vitroproduced material and plants cultivated in the field. The in vitro shoots emitted both hydrocarbon (limonene, a-pinene) and oxidized (menthone, isomenthone, pulegone) monoterpenes. The composition of monoterpenes differed depending on the type of auxin-rather than cytokinin-in the medium. The emission of phenylallyl compounds, such as estragole, a major compound in field-grown plants, was markedly lower in shoot cultures.

Callus-Mediated Organogenesis in <i>Lilium polyphyllum</i> D. Don ex Royle:A Critically Endangered Astavarga Plant

“…In the present study, TDZ had a negative effect on morphogenetic processes in callus explants. Similar findings have been reported for Hypericum species 23 and Agastache rugosa 24 . Hundred per cent rooting was achieved in half-strength MS medium enriched with IBA (9.8 M), and IBA was observed as a potent root inducer in L. polyphyllum compared to IAA and NAA.…”

Influence of pH and plant growth regulators on secondary metabolite production and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert)

“…The effects of different PGR, medium strength and pH value on secondary metabolite accumulation have previously been studied in various plants [11,12,13] though limited data exist on the topic regarding S. rebaudiana [7,14]. In the present study, half-rather than fullstrength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media was used for the experiments as our preliminary data showed far better germination, growth and development of plantlets in lower salt media.…”

Applications of In Vivo and In Vitro Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques in Plant Analysis

“…The screen and profile of volatiles emitted from leaf were capable of assessing the effective components [74], distinguishing subspecies [75], explaining the insect attracting and expelling effects [76], and exploring environmental effects on volatile emission [77][78][79][80]. Just like the application of SPME in any other parts of a plant, a satisfactory efficiency should be ensured prior to the application of SPME to leaves.…”

“…To enhance the extraction capacity, the extraction temperature needs to be optimized when HS-SPME is used. When the DI-SPME is used, stirring is also useful to facilitate the extraction if the powdered leaf sample is preliminarily immersed in solvent [78]. Temperature optimization and stirring are also used for the analysis of other plant organs by SPME.…”

“…The composition of volatile organic compounds emitted by in vitro shoots of Agastache rugosa (Fischer & C.A. Meyer) O. Kuntze (Lamiaceae) was studied using HS-SPME-GC-MS and compared to those emitted by adult plants and in vitro-germinated seedlings [78]. The volatile organic compounds occurring in plant leaves to detect plant stress before visible sign were monitored by HS-SPME, in which 47 metabolites were confirmed with authentic standards and of which 19 were described for the first time [79].…”