Influence of plant immunity inducers included in the apple scab protection system on vegetative growth of apple in the Republic of Abkhazia

Adaptogenic Preparations Enhance the Tolerance to Spring Frosts, Yield and Quality of Apple Fruits

“…The use of the "Regalis" growth regulator also contributed to the active course of photosynthetic activity of apple plants and increased yield by 3.2-13.9 t/ha compared to the control variant [41]. The use of "Albit" steadily increased the yield of apple cultivars, both in comparison with the control and with the production scheme of protection [43]. Other authors, when using biostimulants based on alfalfa protein hydrolysate, seaweed extracts and B vitamins, noted an improvement in the quality and appearance of apple fruits.…”

Biochemical composition of apple fruits when treated with growth-stimulating agrochemicals

“…The objects of research were the fruits of apple trees of the Golden Reinders variety (rootstock M 9) grown on the basis of experimental plantings Agricultural institute, Science Academy of Abkhazia (Sukhumi district Republic of Abkhazia). Golden Reinders is a clone of the variety Golden Delicious, the average yield of plants is 789.5 c/ha [7]; the variety is characterized by average resistance to drought and high temperatures, in the subtropical conditions of the Republic of Abkhazia, the fruits ripen from the end of August to the second decade of September, depending on weather conditions [1,4]. Variety Golden Reinders included in the State Register for the North Caucasus (6) region [7].…”

“…Treatment with agrochemicals was carried out against the background of the recommended doses of mineral fertilizers: in the third decade of February, nitroammophos was applied at the rate of 350-600 g /tree; in addition, ammonium nitrate was embedded in the soil in the first decade of May (400 g/tree) and in the first decade of June (250 g/tree) [1]. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the form of superphosphate and potassium chloride were introduced in the third decade of February every two years.…”

“…The apple tree is the oldest, still popular and economically important agricultural crop in the Republic of Abkhazia. Only from 2011 to 2013, 162.16 hectares of new orchards were laid in the republic, mainly with varieties of American selection [1]. Moreover, the laying of gardens was a state social program aimed at raising rural settlements, providing jobs and securing the population in the village [1].…”

“…The conditions of the temperate zone are the most optimal for apple trees, but due to the great popularity of fruits, it is also grown in humid subtropics (both on the territory of the Krasnodar region of Russia and on the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia). However, the peculiarities of humid subtropics cause a number of factors constraining the cultivation of apple trees in the region, connected both with the spread of diseases and pests [1,4] and the influence of unfavorable conditions of abiotic nature, in particular, hydrothermal stressors [1,5]. Among the factors constraining the cultivation of apple trees in the subtropics of the Republic of Abkhazia can be attributed high humidity, on average in the Republic of Abkhazia -79 % depending on the period of the year [6], as well as uneven precipitation with an annual dry period (up to two months) against the background of high air temperatures [5,6].…”