Influence of Planting Pattern on Pest Management in Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

Twelve field trials were completed in North Carolina from 2005 to 2007 to determine the impact of planting pattern on peanut yield, market grade characteristics, and pest reaction for the Virginia market type cultivars Perry and VA 98R. The first set of experiments was designed to evaluate incidence of Cylindrocladium black rot (caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum) using a factorial treatment arrangement of two cultivars, two levels of fumigation (none or metam sodium at 112 L/ha), and two levels of planting pattern (single rows spaced 91-cm apart or twin rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91-cm centers). Visible symptoms associated with Cylindrocladium black rot were not affected by planting pattern. However, in 1 of 3 trials pod scarring as a result of feeding by southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi) was greater in twin rows compared with single rows. Damage from tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) was also higher in the cultivar VA 98R planted in twin rows than in single rows or for the cultivar Perry. In the second set of experiments designed to evaluate incidence of Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor), a factorial treatment arrangement consisting of two cultivars, two levels of boscalid (none or boscalid at 0.44 kg ai/ha), and two levels of planting pattern was implemented. Boscalid decreased Sclerotinia blight incidence at one of 4 locations, and increased pod yield. Yield of Perry was lower when grown in twin rows versus single rows, but yield of VA 98R was higher in twin rows. Peanut planted in twin rows yielded more than peanut planted in single rows regardless of cultivar, fumigation, or disease history in most trials. Results from these experiments suggest that planting pattern can have a minor impact on response to pests and that yield and market grades are often improved when peanut is planted in twin-row planting patterns compared with single rows.

Keragaan Tanaman Kacang Tanah Pasca Serangan Hama Kutu Kebul Bemisia Tabaci Genn

“…Hama kacang tanah dikategorikan menjadi dua jenis,yaitu hama daun dan hama polong. Hama daun utama yang mengakibatkan penurunan produksi adalah Thrips, hama ini merupakan vector virus dari TSWV (Al-Saleh et al, 2007;Branch and Brenneman, 2015;Lassiter et al,2016). Di negara-negara penghasil kacang tanah , serangan nematoda menjadi salah satu factor penurunan produksi (Lassiter et al,2016).…”

“…Hama daun utama yang mengakibatkan penurunan produksi adalah Thrips, hama ini merupakan vector virus dari TSWV (Al-Saleh et al, 2007;Branch and Brenneman, 2015;Lassiter et al,2016). Di negara-negara penghasil kacang tanah , serangan nematoda menjadi salah satu factor penurunan produksi (Lassiter et al,2016). Selain dua hama tersebut, terdapat hama yang berperang sebagai vector virus sehingga menyebabkan penurunan hasil yaitu kutu kebul Bemisia tabaci.…”

The Role of Leaf Characters of Peanuts on Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) Infestation

“…Recently, sucking pests and pod eater pests are becoming an important biotic limiting factor in peanuts (Al-Saleh et al 2007;Branch and Brenneman 2015;Lassiter et al 2016). Thrips is the main sucking-insect pest with huge yield reduction as a result of direct attack (sap sucking) and indirect attack through its role as vector of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (Al-Saleh et al 2007;Branch and Brenneman 2015;Lassiter et al 2016). Instead of thrips, root nematode is also important pest with serious pod yield reduction (Lassiter et al 2016).…”

“…Thrips is the main sucking-insect pest with huge yield reduction as a result of direct attack (sap sucking) and indirect attack through its role as vector of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (Al-Saleh et al 2007;Branch and Brenneman 2015;Lassiter et al 2016). Instead of thrips, root nematode is also important pest with serious pod yield reduction (Lassiter et al 2016). Whitefly is known as vector of viral diseases in peanut plants.…”

Influence of Planting Date and Insecticide on Injury Caused by Tobacco Thrips and Peanut Yield in North Carolina

“…are a vector for tomato spotted wilt virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus). Tomato spotted wilt (TSW) reduces pod quality, impedes plant vigor, and may be yield limiting if incidence is severe (Culbreath et al, 2003;Culbreath and Srinivasan 2011;Lassiter et al, 2016). Cultural practices to suppress thrips populations and minimize incidence of TSW include increased plant populations, planting in twin rows, utilizing resistant cultivars, planting to avoid peak thrips flight, using conservation tillage, and applying phorate in the seed furrow at planting (Culbreath et al, 2003).…”