Influence of polypeptide size and intracellular sorting on the induction of epitope-specific CTL responses by DNA vaccines in a mouse model

CD4+T Helper Cell Responses against Human Bocavirus Viral Protein 2 Viruslike Particles in Healthy Adults

“…Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. A total of 2 ϫ 10 5 PBMCs were seeded in 4 replicate wells on Mahan 4550 MultiScreen ELISPOT plates (Millipore) that had been previously coated with 5 g/mL anti-human interferon (IFN)-␥ monoclonal antibody D1K (Mabtech), stimulated with 5 g/mL VP2 VLPs of either HBoV or B19V, and incubated at 37°C for 60 h. As negative and positive controls, cells were stimulated with 5 g/mL HIV p24-derived murine e10F peptide [26] and 5 ng/mL staphylococcal enterotoxin B (Sigma Aldrich), respectively. For development, the plates were incubated for 2 h with 1 g/mL biotinylated anti-IFN-␥ 7-B6-1 Biotin antibody (Mabtech) and for 1 h with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (diluted 1:1000 in PBS).…”

Induction of Antibodies Specific for Gp41 of HIV-1 by Gene Gun DNA Vaccination

“…One way to present the MPER of gp41 in a natural lipid environment is DNA vaccination allowing the MPER to be associated with the cell membrane. Although DNA vaccination was mainly used for induction of MHC-I specific cytotoxic cellular immune responses, it can also be used for the induction of humoral immune responses [27][28][29][30].…”

Highly conserved influenza A sequences as T cell epitopes-based vaccine targets to address the viral variability

“…Furthermore, a long peptide sequence containing multiple epitopes is more efficient in stimulating epitope-specific cellular immune responses in contrast to short epitopes alone. 47 Moreover, these sequences may contain linear B-cell epitopes as suggested by studies of mice immunized with NP which were protected against influenza challenge. 48 Multiple highly conserved sequences from different internal influenza proteins are included to increase the breadth of T-cell responses.…”