Influence of pre-commercial thinning of balsam fir on defoliation by the balsam fir sawfly

Ostaff, Don P.; Piene, Harald; Quiring, Dan T.; Moreau, Gaétan; Farrell, James; Scarr, Taylor

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.11.012

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreau (2006) noted that increases in outbreak severity and duration corresponded to increased use of precommercial thinning, a forestry practice that involves removing stems to reduce competition between neighbouring trees. Contemporaneous studies in the same region supported this hypothesis, showing that at peak outbreak, egg density and defoliation due to larval feeding were higher in thinned than in unthinned stands (Ostaff et al 2006).…”

Section: Hymenoptera (Sawflies)mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Mortality associated with a generalist parasitoid, Mesopolobus verditer (Norton) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), also contributed to population declines in some sites. Although the duration of the outbreak peak to collapse was similar between thinned and unthinned stands (i.e., two to four years), the amplitude of population fluctuations and associated defoliation was higher in thinned stands, owing at least in part to higher larval survival (Moreau 2004;Moreau et al 2006a;Ostaff et al 2006). Complementary experiments showed that precommercial thinning altered the relative and overall impact of bottom-up (host plant quality) versus top-down (natural enemies) forces on larval survival (Moreau et al 2006b) and reduced the negative influence of previous defoliation on foliage nutritional quality and associated larval performance (Moreau and Quiring 2011).…”

Section: Hymenoptera (Sawflies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review

et al. 2016

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Abstract-Our review highlights research during the past century focussed on the population ecology of outbreak-prone insect defoliators in Canadian forests. Based on reports from national and provincial surveys that began in the 1930s, there have been at least 106 insect defoliators reported to outbreak, most of which are native Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera (sawflies), or Coleoptera (in order of frequency from most to least). Studies comparing life-history traits of outbreak versus non-outbreak species to better understand why certain species are more outbreak-prone indicate several traits especially common among outbreak species, including egg clustering and aggregative larval feeding. There have been at least 50 time-series studies examining the spatiotemporal population behaviour of 12 major defoliator species. These studies provide evidence for both regular periodicity and spatial synchrony of outbreaks for most major species. Life-table studies seeking to understand the agents causing populations to fluctuate have been carried out for at least seven outbreak species, with the majority identifying natural enemies (usually parasitoids) as the major driver of outbreak collapse. Our review concludes with several case studies highlighting the impact and historical underpinnings of population studies for major defoliator species and a discussion of potential avenues for future research.

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Section: Hymenoptera (Sawflies)mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Hymenoptera (Sawflies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review

et al. 2016

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“…These management practices also increase the quality and quantity of merchantable timber, improve nutrient availability, alter stand structure, and reduce damage from disease and fire (Zeide 2001;Franklin et al 2002;Frey et al 2003;Skov et al 2004;Gilmore and Palik 2006;Ostaff et al 2006). However, soil compaction from multiple stand entries (e.g., thinnings) to change stand structure or maximize volume production could reduce long-term soil productivity.…”

Section: Mots Clé Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term effects of silvicultural thinning and partial cutting on soil compaction in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and northern hardwood stands in the northern Great Lakes Region of the United States

Tarpey

Jürgensen

Palik³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2008. The long-term effects of silvicultural thinning and partial cutting on soil compaction in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and northern hardwood stands in the northern Great Lakes Region of the United States. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 849Á857. Periodic silvicultural thinnings (23.0, 27.6, 32.1 m 2 ha (1 residual basal area) in a red pine stand growing on a sandy soil in north-central Minnesota over a 57-yr period increased soil compaction as the intensity of the thinning treatment increased. Of the three different methods used to measure soil compaction (bulk density, penetration resistance, and saturated hydraulic conductivity), saturated hydraulic conductivity was the most sensitive, decreasing by 60% in the 23.0 m 2 ha (1 basal area thinning treatment, as compared with the uncut control. Soil bulk density measurements were more variable, but generally increased with increased thinning intensity. Few differences in soil penetration resistance were found among the three thinning treatments. In contrast, no evidence of soil compaction was detected in a northern hardwoods stand growing on a rocky loam soil in north-central Wisconsin that had three thinning treatments (13.8, 17.2, 20.6 m 2 ha (1 residual basal area), a two-stage shelterwood harvest, and a 20-cmdiameter limit cut over a 50-yr period. With the increased demand for forest products, fuel reduction operations in high fire-risk stands, and biomass removal for energy production, more information is needed on the impact of multiple stand entries on soil compaction, and if compaction occurs, whether it will affect long-term soil productivity.

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“…Balsam fir sawfly has become a serious pest of young managed balsam fir stands in western Newfoundland, Canada, and the current outbreak, which began in 1991, is the longest ever recorded (Piene et al, 2001;Moreau, 2006). The long balsam fir sawfly outbreak duration has been attributed to extensive precommercial thinnings (Ostaff et al, 2006). Hemlock looper outbreaks have occurred in Newfoundland from 1910to 1915, 1920to 1926, 1929to 1935, 1946to 1955, 1959to 1964, 1966to 1972, 1984to 1989and 1995to 2004(Otvos et al, 1979Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%