Influence of pre‐press solvent‐extracted cottonseed meal supplemented with exogenous enzyme and digestible lysine on performance, digestibility, carcass and immunity responses of broiler chickens

Abstract

The response of broiler chickens to two levels of endo-1,4-beta xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and endo-1,3-beta glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) combination (with and without), three levels of digestible lysine (0.8%, 0.9% and 1.0% with the applicability of ideal protein concept) and two levels of cottonseed meal (CSM; 20% and 30%) were evaluated in 2 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. A total of 2448 male Hubbard broiler chicks were fed on practical vegetable-based mash diets having 2750 kcal metabolizable energy (ME) per kg and 18.5% crude protein (CP) from the age of day 1 to 42. The supplemental enzyme had minimum 1100 units of endo-1,4-beta xylanase and 100 units of endo-1,3-beta glucanase/kg of finished diet. The addition of CSM at 30% resulted in increasing arginine to lysine ratio. A decrease in dressing and breast percentages were observed by the addition of 30% CSM. The digestible lysine at 1.0% decreased the body weight (BW) gain and lowered the mortality during day 1 to 21 whereas the BW gain and feed:gain ratio were unaffected among the three digestible lysine levels during day 1 to 42. The antibody titres against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease viruses were improved with the increasing levels of digestible lysine. The enzyme supplementation improved the apparent ME and digestibility coefficient of nitrogen when it was used with 30% CSM. No effect of enzyme, lysine, CSM or their interactions was observed on serum iron, gizzard and liver weights or abdominal fat percentage. The results showed that increasing digestible lysine improved the antibody titre but did not improve the growth performance and carcass characteristics; supplemental enzyme failed to show any improvement in performance of birds fed on CSM-based diets.

Exogenous carbohydrases do not improve the physiological and meat quality parameters of female Japanese quail fed canola-based diets

“…Single enzymes such as xylanases and glucanases are mostly incorporated in poultry diets, representing more than 80% of the global carbohydrase market (Adeola & Cowieson, 2011). However, in this study, treating the canola-based diets did not improve feed intake, weight gain, or FCE, which agreed with the findings of Simbaya et al (1996), Meng & Slominski (2005), and Mushtaq et al (2007), who reported no effect of multi-carbohydrase enzyme in chickens fed CM-based diets. Additionally, Jia et al (2012) and Radfar et al (2017) found no improvement in broilers fed diets containing 150 g/kg of CM supplemented with carbohydrase enzyme.…”

Replacement value of cottonseed meal for soybean meal in broiler chicken diets with or without microbial enzymes

“…For this purpose, cottonseed meal (CSM) has extensively been investigated and it has been shown to be a potential source of protein and a substitute for costly SBM in poultry diets [1][2][3]. This oilseed residue is highly rich in protein, with values between 41% and 44% crude protein (CP), depending on the degree of dehulling before oil extraction [4]. On the other hand, using this ingredient in poultry feeds presents a number of challenges and limitations, including high fibre content, presence of gossypol, and unbalanced amino acids, particularly a low content of lysine [1,4].…”

“…This oilseed residue is highly rich in protein, with values between 41% and 44% crude protein (CP), depending on the degree of dehulling before oil extraction [4]. On the other hand, using this ingredient in poultry feeds presents a number of challenges and limitations, including high fibre content, presence of gossypol, and unbalanced amino acids, particularly a low content of lysine [1,4]. The amount of gossypol in CSM has been reported to vary from 0.03% to 0.2% [2,5].…”

“…One of the factors that can impede nutrient digestibility and reduce dietary protein utilization is the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). According to Perez-Maldonado and Australian Egg Corporation Limited [9] the total content of all NSP fractions of commonly used Australian CSM is reported to be as follows (g/kg dry matter): arabinose (37-44), xylose (31)(32)(33), mannose (3)(4), rhamnose (3)(4), fucose (1-1.5), galactose (10)(11), and glucose (40-46). It is well established that supplementing NSP-degrading enzymes, such as β-glucanase, xylanase and pectinase in fibrous diets can potentially lower the intestinal content viscosity and improve digestibility [10,11].…”

Influence of multi-enzymes (Natuzyme Plus®) on broiler chicken fed with high canola meal

“…Higher fiber content of the canola meal (Chibowska et al, 2000) resulted in lower energy content (Bell, 1993;NRC, 1994;Khajali and Slominski, 2012). The inclusion rate of canola meal in poultry diets is limited (Kocher et al, 2000), because of their anti-nutritional components which interfere with metabolism and growth, induced liver haemorrhages, lower digestibility of nutrients (Iji, 1999;Leeson and Summers, 2001;Nahas and Lefrançois, 2001;Jozefiak et al, 2004;Mushtaq et al, 2007;Min et al, 2009;Khajali and Slominski, 2012) increased leg problems, litter problems (Austin et al, 1999) and growth performance (Ibrahim et al, 1980;Martland and Butler, 1984;Pusztai, 1989;Iji, 1999;Leeson and Summers, 2001;Nahas and Lefrançoi, 2001;Jozefiak et al, 2004;Mushtaq et al, 2007;Min et al, 2009).…”