Influence of production method on the profitability of mabé pearl farming using traditional and research-informed nucleus implanting practices with the winged pearl oyster, Pteria penguin

Progress towards reestablishing Latin America as a major pearl producing region: A review

“…sterna , higher success in mabé formation and quality were reported when low‐profile nuclei were used 20,21 (Figures 4a, 5a and 6a). For comparison, P. penguin is a larger species from the western Pacific that may receive two low‐profile and one high‐profile nuclei, 6,56,57 or four high‐profile nuclei without affecting mabé quality 61 …”

“…This is a somewhat surprising for several reasons: (1) pearls have been part of the culture of many Latin American nations for many centuries and have actively contributed, or continue to contribute, to local economies through active community‐based programs 9–11 ; (2) most pearl oyster species in Latin America, particularly in the Caribbean region, are cultivated under dual‐crop scenarios, producing both meat and pearls, which is not only productive, but low‐cost; (3) some countries have between two and four species of pearl oysters with potential for commercial exploitation, distributed within the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of California, and the Atlantic‐Caribbean regions (Table 1); (4) the endemic winged pearl oyster, Pteria sterna , produces some of the most beautiful and desired bead‐nucleated pearls which, according to some Japanese specialists, are ‘one of the rarest cultured gems in the world’ 64,65 and comparable in quality with cultured Tahitian and South Sea pearls 19 ; and (5) there has been significant scientific contribution to sector development by Latin American academia, which has generated a considerable volume of new scientific knowledge on the biology, ecology and culture of pearl oysters and pearl production, particularly in Mexico and Venezuela, and to a lesser extent, in Ecuador and Peru (Table 1). Similar research effort in African and Pacific islands has demonstrated the profitability of community‐based pearl oyster spat collection 89 and mabé pearl farming, 4–7,61 which in turn, has stimulated new communities to seek engagement with the sector, supporting its expansion.…”

“…For comparison, P. penguin is a larger species from the western Pacific that may receive two low-profile and one high-profile nuclei, 6,56,57 or four high-profile nuclei without affecting mabé quality. 61…”

“…). Similar research effort in African and Pacific islands has demonstrated the profitability of community-based pearl oyster spat collection89 and mabé pearl farming,[4][5][6][7]61 which in turn, has stimulated new communities to seek engagement with the sector, supporting its expansion.…”

Classification of Soil Distribution on the Island of Saparua Based on the Soil Classification System National and the Equivalent to Soil Taxonomy

“…A national soil classification system needs to be developed and owned by each country according to the needs and developments in soil science and technology (Johnston et al, 2022). The pre-existing soil classification system has been made as simple as possible so that it is easily understood and applied by agricultural field practitioners (Thompson et al, 2020).…”