Influence of production on the presence of patulin and ochratoxin A in fruit juices and wines of Argentina

Oteiza, Juan Martín; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi; Campagnollo, Fernanda B.; Granato, Daniel; Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza; Gianuzzi, Leda

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.02.025

Cited by 77 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The extremely high level of patulin found in a mango sample (6415 µg/kg) is only comparable to those of 7339, 13808, and 19662 µg/kg reported in samples of fruit juices from Argentina [34]. Present results are also in agreement with a previous study carried out in Pakistan on patulin in different fruits, juices, and smoothies [29], with a maximum of 1100 µg/kg in a sample of red globe grapes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan

Hussain

Asi

Iqbal

et al. 2020

Toxins

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The objective of the study was to explore the incidence of patulin (PAT) mycotoxin in mango and orange fruits and derived products marketed in Pakistan. A total of 274 samples, including 70 mango fruits, 63 mango-based products (juices, pulp, and jam), 77 orange fruits, and 64 orange-based products, were collected. PAT was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detector (276 nm). Linear detector response was observed (R2 > 0.99), the limit of detection (LOD) was 5 µg/kg and recovery percentage was 97.4%. The incidence of PAT in mango samples was 61.7%, and the concentration ranged from <LOD to 6415 µg/kg with a mean of 110.9 µg/kg. Our results showed the high susceptibility of mango fruits to patulin, and it was observed that decayed mango fruits were most contaminated with PAT. Among the mango samples, PAT concentration was higher in fruits than in processed products such as mango juice, pulp, and jam. Toxin incidence in orange samples was 52.5% with concentrations from <LOD to 61 µg/kg and a mean of 6.3 µg/kg. As much as 29 samples of mango (21.8%) contained PAT concentration above the regulatory limit (50 µg/kg), whereas there was only one exceeding orange sample (0.7%). Our results show that PAT seems to be a problem in fruits, juices, and derived solid products, especially from mango, and needs surveillance on regular basis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan

Hussain

Asi

Iqbal

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…The adopted HPLC-DAD/FL conditions are summarised in Table 1, whilst Figure 2 shows typical chromatograms of the OTA, PAT, HMF, and BPA operated under the optimised conditions. The developed multi-contaminants analysis approach achieved separation of all solutes in less than 9 min, which is much shorter than some of the reported chromatographic approaches [12,19,30]. To date, this is the first report on the simultaneous separation and detection of OTA, PAT, HMF, and BPA in a single analysis.…”

Section: Hplc-dad/fl Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recent findings by Iqbal et al (2018) indicated that 54.5% of the tested pineapple samples exceeded the permitted EU level (50 µg kg −1 ), with highest PAT content up to 460.3 µg kg −1 [13]. In order to mitigate the OTA and PAT contaminations, the selection of infected fruits must be strengthened, and cleaning must be improved prior to processing, as the applied thermal treatment cannot effectively remove the mycotoxins [11,12]. BPA in urine samples in several Asian countries.…”

Section: Application To Fruit Beverages and Drinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few Penicillium spp. can grow even at below 5 • C, and the produced PAT is able to withstand thermal processing during the pasteurization process [11,12]. Clinically, PAT is known to exhibit genotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties, while acute PAT toxicity symptoms for humans include nausea, gastrointestinal disturbance, vomiting, and kidney failure [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Quantitative Assessment of Ochratoxin A, Patulin, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, and Bisphenol A in Fruit Drinks Using HPLC with Diode Array-Fluorimetric Detection

Hassan

Othman

et al. 2020

Foods

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The analysis of regulated contaminants in fruit drinks often requires suitable validated and rapid analytical methods for cost-effective food control, and is of considerable interest among the fruit beverage industry. This study demonstrated a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography approach for the simultaneous determination of ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and bisphenol A (BPA) in various fruit drinks. The separations were achieved using a C18 core-shell column with both photo-diode array and fluorimetric detections connected in series. A gradient system consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1, thermostated at 35 °C, provided fast elution with run time <9 min. Sample pretreatment was optimised to enable extraction of all analytes from fruit drink matrices. The optimised method was validated. Correlation coefficients of R > 0.99 were achieved with detection limits of 0.5 ng mL−1 (OTA), 1.1 ng mL−1 (PAT), 7.9 ng mL−1 (HMF), and 1.0 ng mL−1 (BPA). Recoveries ranged from 82% to 99%. Good relative standard deviations for intraday retention times (≤3.54%) and peak area (≤3.5%) were achieved. The developed multi-contaminants analysis method was successfully applied to determine OTA, PAT, HMF, and BPA in various fruit drinks.

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“…11 Considering its toxicity, several organizations have set the maximum permissible level at 50 μg kg −1 for foodstuffs, [12][13][14] 25 μg kg −1 for solid apple products, and 10 μg kg −1 for apple-based products for infants and young children. 11,15 Several studies have been conducted worldwide on the occurrence of patulin in apple and its products; [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] however, few explore this issue in the context of the Taiwanese population. Notably, almost 90% of Taiwan's apples and raw ingredients for apple products are imported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic risk assessment of patulin in imported apple juice and apple‐containing beverages in Taiwan

2020

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BACKGROUND In Taiwan, nearly 90% of apples and raw ingredients for apple‐based products are imported. Apple juices (137 samples) and apple‐containing beverages (35 samples) were collected in Taiwan from imported food and analyzed for patulin content. RESULTS The results revealed that the incidence levels of patulin for apple juice and apple‐containing beverages are 5.84% and 5.71%. The mean contamination levels were 1.7 and 1.4 μg kg−1 for apple juice and apple‐containing beverages. One sample exceeded 50 μg kg−1, the maximum permissible limit according to the Taiwan Sanitation Standard for the Tolerance of Mycotoxins in Foods. The estimated intake of patulin for consumers ranged from 5.4 to 18.0 ng kg−1 body weight per day for apple juice and between 6.1 and 11.2 ng kg−1 body weight for apple‐containing beverages. The highest average patulin intake was observed among infants aged 0–3 years, followed by children aged 4–12 years old. Finally, the hazard index (HI) for the 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles are 0.0186, 0.1201, and 0.2048, respectively, for infants aged 0–3 years. CONCLUSION The dietary intake of patulin from imported apple juices and apple‐containing beverages is well below the safety levels and does not present a risk for adult and children consumers. However, it is important to point out that we only analyzed imported apple juices and apple‐containing beverages. More studies are necessary to establish if the HI for patulin will still remain below 1 when other foods and beverages are included in the risk calculations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Influence of production on the presence of patulin and ochratoxin A in fruit juices and wines of Argentina

Cited by 77 publications

References 41 publications

Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan

Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan

Simultaneous Quantitative Assessment of Ochratoxin A, Patulin, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, and Bisphenol A in Fruit Drinks Using HPLC with Diode Array-Fluorimetric Detection

Probabilistic risk assessment of patulin in imported apple juice and apple‐containing beverages in Taiwan

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