Influence of rapeseed, canola meal and glucosinolate metabolite (AITC) as potential antimicrobials: effects on growth performance, and gut health in Salmonella Typhimurium challenged broiler chickens

Abstract

Poultry is the major sources of foodborne salmonellosis. Antibiotic resistance and a surge in zoonotic diseases warrant the use of natural alternatives. Glucosinolates ( GLs ) are naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds in rapeseed and canola. This study investigated the effect of feeding rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate ( AITC ; Brassica secondary metabolites) on growth performance ( GP ), gut health, and the potential antimicrobial activity against nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (ST NR ) in chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 8 replicated cages and 10 birds per cage. Dietary treatments were nonchallenge control ( NC , corn-SBM based), challenge ( Salmonella ) control ( CC ), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola meal (20CLM), 40% canola meal (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,500 ppm AITC (1500AITC). On d 1, all the birds except NC were orally challenged with ST NR (7 log CFU/bird). The chickens were reared for 21 d, and their FI and BW were recorded weekly. Salmonella cecal colonization and fecal shedding were quantified, whereas organ translocation (OT) of ST NR to the spleen, liver, and kidney was tested on 0, 3, 6, 13, and 20-d postchallenge (dpc). Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and the means were separated by Duncan's test, except mortality and OT data analyzed after transformation by square root of (n +1) ( P < 0.05). Overall, feeding 30RS resulted in reduced BW ( P = 0.003), BWG ( P = 0.003), and FI ( P = 0.001) compared to CC, 500AITC, and 1500AITC. Similarly, feeding 20CLM resulted in lower BW and BWG compared to CC ( P < 0.05) and increased FCR compared to 1500AITC ( P = 0.03). Feeding CC resulted in higher mortality compared to NC and 30RS ( P = 0.03). Cecal colonization of ST NR was reduced ( P < 0.0001) for 30RS on 6 dpc and 500AITC on 6 and 13 dpc ( P < 0.0001). Although no difference in gut permeability was observed 6 dpc ( P > 0.05), OT of ST NR population was the highest for CC in the spleen ( P = 0.05). In the liver, 10RS showed reduced OT compared to 20CLM on 13 dpc ( P = 0.03), whereas 30RS showed the lowest OT on 6 dpc in the kidney. Fecal shedding was lowest for 30RS on 6 dpc ( P = 0.004). Histomorphology showed 30RS had the highest duodenum ( P = 0.01) and jejunum ( P = 0.02) villus height ( ...

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of tannic acid supplementation in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

“…The inoculum of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium nalidixic acid resistant strain (ST NR ) was prepared according to Yadav et al (2022) . Briefly, a single colony of in vitro passaged ST NR was cultured on the brilliant green sulfa (BGS; Difco, Detroit, MI) agar containing 200 μg/mL nalidixic acid (NA; Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO).…”

Colonization, spread and persistence of Salmonella (Typhimurium, Infantis and Reading) in internal organs of broilers

“…Salmonella challenge models (seeder birds or oral/cloacal gavage) are often used to induce gastrointestinal ( GI ) tract colonization to evaluate the efficacy of dietary interventions on mitigating Salmonella colonization in broilers. In such studies, chicks are commonly challenged with Salmonella at a high dose of 6 to 8 log CFU/mL through the oral route to ensure a successful colonization, and cecal Salmonella concentration was enumerated through early stages of the birds’ life to evaluate the efficacy of tested product ( Shanmugasundaram et al, 2019 ; Yadav et al, 2022 ). Regardless of the differences in challenge models used in broiler research, limited literature on the effect of challenge dose on colonization of Salmonella in the GI tract and translocation to other internal parts is available, particularly simulating commercial production practices such as raising birds in floor pens.…”

Effects of supplemental tannic acid on growth performance, gut health, microbiota, and fat accumulation and optimal dosages of tannic acid in broilers

“…Due to the public demand to reduce the use of AGP, many countries have banned or restricted the use of AGP in poultry (Luise et al, 2022). Many bioactive compounds including essential oils (Yang et al, 2021), plant extracts (Mogire et al, 2021;Yadav et al, 2022), organic acids (Pham et al, 2020), exogenous enzymes (Lu et al, 2020), probiotics (Adhikari and Kim, 2017), and prebiotics (Teng and Kim, 2018) were studied to replace AGP in poultry production. Potential AGP replacements should be cost-effective and be able to improve growth performance via exhibiting antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects in chickens (Yang et al, 2015).…”