Influence of salinity on energy metabolism in juvenile turbot,<i>Psetta maxima</i>(L.)

Dietz, Carsten; Stiller, Kevin Torben; Griese, M.; Schulz, Carsten; Susenbeth, A.

doi:10.1111/anu.12034

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Thus, at the end of the trial, fish at 32‰ weighed 13% less than fish at 12‰. The improved growth and feed utilization at a lower salinity in Atlantic salmon post-smolts is in accordance with results in several other teleost species, where salinities between 8 and 20% have a positive effect on growth and feed utilization compared to full strength seawater (Dietz et al, 2013;Gutt, 1985;Imsland et al, 2001;Lambert, Dutil, & Munro, 1994). Lower metabolic costs associated with osmoregulation at an isotonic salinity may explain the higher growth potential found in several marine teleost species at salinities close to 10‰.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Performance and welfare of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. post‐smolts in recirculating aquaculture systems: Importance of salinity and water velocity

Ytrestøyl

Takle

Kolarevic

et al. 2020

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Producing a larger post-smolt in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) could shorten the production time in sea cages and potentially reduce mortality. Knowledge of the biological requirements of post-smolts in closedcontainment systems is however lacking. In the present study, the effects of salinity and water velocity on growth, survival, health, and welfare of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS were examined. Salmon smolts were stocked in three separate RAS with salinities of 12, 22, and 32‰ and subjected to high (1.0 body lengths per s −1 ) or low (0.3 body lengths second −1 ) water velocity. Growth performance, survival, welfare, and physiological stress responses were monitored until the fish reached a bodyweight of around 450 g. Growth rate was higher at lower salinity and higher water velocity generally had a positive effect on growth in all salinities. Feed conversion ratio was lower at 12‰ compared to the 22 and 32‰ when the fish were between 250 and 450 g. Higher mortality, elevated plasma cortisol levels,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Performance and welfare of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. post‐smolts in recirculating aquaculture systems: Importance of salinity and water velocity

Ytrestøyl

Takle

Kolarevic

et al. 2020

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…This agrees with previously findings reporting temperature and not salinity (28 and 34‰ salinity, at 4 and 8 °C temperature regimes) as a factor for growth rate during the first 2 months in seawater 23 . Still, effect of salinity on growth cannot be entirely excluded at higher temperature and longer time intervals as increased salinity could enhance energy expenditure 24 – 26 . Raceway systems are designed to control water velocity, which is known to affect growth performance 27 , 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic salmon skin barrier functions gradually enhance after seawater transfer

Karlsen

Ytteborg

Timmerhaus

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Atlantic salmon farming operates with high production intensities where skin integrity is recognized as a central factor and indicator for animal health and welfare. In the described trial, the skin development and its immune status in healthy Atlantic salmon reared in two different systems, a traditional open net-pen system and a semi-closed containment system, were investigated. Freshwater smolts were compared to post-smolts after 1 and 4 months in seawater. Growth performance, when adjusted for temperature, was equal between the systems. Skin analyses, including epidermis and dermis, showed that thickness and mucus cell numbers increased in pace with the growth and time post seawater transfer (PST). Gene expression changes suggested similar processes with development of connective tissue, formation of extracellular matrix and augmented cutaneous secretion, changes in mucus protein composition and overall increased immune activity related to gradually enforced protection against pathogens. Results suggest a gradual morphological development in skin with a delayed recovery of immune functions PST. It is possible that Atlantic salmon could experience increased susceptibility to infectious agents and risk of diseases during the first post-smolt period.

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“…These activities included tank cleaning (06.00-08.00 hours), up-regulation of water flow (08.00-10.00 hours), feed administration (10.00-12.00 hours) and down-regulation of water flow (16.00-18.00 hours). (35) . Faeces were collected by stripping after the main experiment.…”

Section: Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, EN was calculated as TAN excretion plus an estimated fraction of total nitrogen lost as urea (85 %:15 % NH 3 :urea), the ratio of which was taken from the literature (36)(37)(38) . The energetic value of this nitrogen mix (24•6 kJ/g) was derived from the energetic equivalents of the individual components (N = 24•9 kJ/g and urea N = 23•1 kJ/g) and their estimated contributions (35) .…”

Section: Energy Of Non-faecal Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of diet, temperature and intermittent low oxygen on the metabolism of rainbow trout

et al. 2017

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An automated respirometer system was used to measure VO2, protein catabolism as ammonia quotient and the energy budget to evaluate whether the crude protein content of a standard protein (SP) diet (42·5 %) or a high-protein (HP) diet (49·5 %) influences metabolism in rainbow trout under challenging intermittent, low dissolved oxygen concentrations. In total, three temperature phases (12, 16, 20°C) were tested sequentially, each of which were split into two oxygen periods with 5 d of unmanipulated oxygen levels (50-70 %), followed by a 5d manipulated oxygen period (16.00-08.00 hours) with low oxygen (40-50 %) levels. For both diets, catabolic protein usage was lowest at 16°C and was not altered under challenging oxygen conditions. Low night-time oxygen elevated mean daily VO2 by 3-14 % compared with the unmanipulated oxygen period for both diets at all temperatures. The relative change in VO2 and retained energy during the intermittent low oxygen period was smaller for the HP diet compared with the SP diet. However, in absolute terms, the SP diet was superior to the HP diet as the former demonstrated 30-40 % lower protein fuel use rates, higher retained energy (1-4 % digestible energy) and slightly lowered VO2 (0-8 %) over the range of conditions tested. The decrease in retained energy under low oxygen conditions suggests that there is scope to improve the performance of SP diets under challenging conditions; however, this study suggests that simply increasing the dietary protein content is not a remedy, and other strategies need to be explored.

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Influence of salinity on energy metabolism in juvenile turbot,Psetta maxima(L.)

Cited by 19 publications

References 77 publications

Performance and welfare of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. post‐smolts in recirculating aquaculture systems: Importance of salinity and water velocity

Performance and welfare of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. post‐smolts in recirculating aquaculture systems: Importance of salinity and water velocity

Atlantic salmon skin barrier functions gradually enhance after seawater transfer

The effect of diet, temperature and intermittent low oxygen on the metabolism of rainbow trout

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