Influence of sand and grit on the performance of turkey poults fed on diets containing two concentrations of protein<sup>1</sup>

Oluyemi, J. A.; Arafa, A. S.; Harms, R. H.

doi:10.1080/00071667808416460

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The lower nutrient to egg conversion ratio of the hens fed diets with sand and similar feed intake and body weight gain for hens fed diets with 0% and 10% of sand, support earlier results (Hooge and Rowland, 1978) that the presence of some sand in the diet may have a positive effect. This may presumably be due to the absence of coarse material in the diet without sand, as the presence of ‘grit’ is supposed to improve the grinding and the digestion of food particles (Oluyemi et al., 1978; Moran, 1982). The somewhat higher dry matter digestibility (of the nutrient part) of the diets with sand supports a positive effect of grit, although on the other hand the advantage of grit is not always clear (Moran, 1982; Bennett and Classen, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Meulen

Kwakernaak

Kan

2008

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Soil intake may be the most prominent source of environmental contaminants for free range and organic hens, but there are no quantitative data concerning soil intake by domestic hens. Consumption of soil of 14-32 g a day can be estimated from literature, but such a dilution of nutrient intake seems incompatible with high productivity. In this study laying hens were fed pelleted diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 30% of sand addition to determine its effect on productivity. Feed intake, feed and nutrient (feed minus sand) conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight and body weight gain were measured over a 4-week period. Acid insoluble ash concentration in the faeces was measured to determine the accuracy of estimating the soil ingestion by the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife as a way to determine soil ingestion of free range and organic hens under practical circumstances. The hens were able to compensate the dilution of the diet with 20%, 25% and 30% of sand by increasing their feed intake. Feed intake increased significantly and feed to egg conversion ratio decreased significantly with increasing sand levels in the diet. The nutrient to egg conversion ratio of the diet without sand tended to be worse than for the diets with sand, presumably due to the total absence of coarse material in the diet. There were no differences in egg production and egg weight between hens fed the different diets but body weight gain was significantly lower for the hens fed the diets with 20%, 25% and 30% of sand. Estimation of sand ingestion was done by the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife. Provided that the actual dry matter digestibility coefficient of the nutrient part of the diet is taken into account, estimating the soil ingestion according to the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife seems an appropriate way to determine soil ingestion for free range and organic hens under practical circumstances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Meulen

Kwakernaak

Kan

2008

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Early data showed a clear beneficial effect of insoluble grit stones on performance of both broiler chickens and layer hens, particularly when whole grains were used in the diet (Balloun and Phillips, 1956;Scott and Heuser, 1957;Oluyemi et al, 1978). More recent experiments, however, have generally failed to detect any beneficial effects of access to grit stones on performance of either layers or broiler chickens, even when whole cereals were included in the diet (Svihus et al, 1997;Waldenstedt et al, 1998;Jones and Taylor, 1999;Bennett and Classen, 2003;Hetland et al, 2003;Silva Jr. et al, 2003;Garipoglu et al, 2006;Schneider et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and digestive function of broiler chickens given grit in the diet

Svihus

Itani

Borg

et al. 2017

British Poultry Science

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1. A series of experiments were carried out to study the effect of grit on broiler performance, gizzard development and fate of grit in the digestive tract. 2. In Experiment 1, performance, gizzard weight and content of grit in the gizzard of broiler chickens given access to granite-type grit was investigated. In Experiment 2, the effect of grit stones on performance and gizzard development was assessed in diets with or without whole wheat. 3. In Experiment 3, the effect of grit in the form of zeolite, granite or marble on gizzard development and digestive tract grinding and passage was studied in diets with or without whole wheat. 4. Grit stones had no effect on performance of broiler chickens, which may be explained by the fact that grit stones did not stimulate gizzard development to the same extent as with other structural materials. 5. The lack of stimulation is at least partly due to the fact that a majority of the grit stones eaten pass through the small intestine without being retained in the gizzard. 6. Grit in the form of marble reduced feed intake and weight gain.

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“…Harms et al (1974) reported that the addition of sand to the diet of laying hens and chicks improved energy utilisation. Oluyemi et al (1978) reported that the addition of sand and grit to diets for turkey poults increased growth and improved food utilisation. Hogsette et al (1976) reported that in two of three experiments, broiler breeders fed on diets containing 50 g sand/kg utilised energy more efficiently in that they required less energy per egg produced than birds fed on undiluted diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of certain dietary fillers on the true metabolisable energy of diets for Turkeys

Miles

Arafa

Harms

1981

British Poultry Science

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1. An experiment was conducted with Large White turkey poults (0 to 3 weeks of age) to study the influence of dietary fillers on the true metabolisable energy (TME) of the diet.2. When 25 g sand/kg was substituted for the components of a basal diet, growth was not affected and the TME value of the diet was apparently higher than that of the basal diet, but not significantly so.3. The substitution of 50 g filler/kg (25 g sand plus 25 g grit/kg) resulted in a higher TME value than the substitution of either 25 g sand/kg or 25 g grit/kg, significantly so in the latter case.4. Substituting 25 g cellulose/kg resulted in a decrease in TME value, but not significantly so.

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Influence of sand and grit on the performance of turkey poults fed on diets containing two concentrations of protein¹

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Performance and digestive function of broiler chickens given grit in the diet

The influence of certain dietary fillers on the true metabolisable energy of diets for Turkeys

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Influence of sand and grit on the performance of turkey poults fed on diets containing two concentrations of protein1

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Performance and digestive function of broiler chickens given grit in the diet

The influence of certain dietary fillers on the true metabolisable energy of diets for Turkeys

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Product

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Influence of sand and grit on the performance of turkey poults fed on diets containing two concentrations of protein¹