Influence of Season and Lactation Stage on Oxidative, Haematological, and Metabolic Profile Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows

Yehia, Shimaa G.; Ramadan, Eman; Megahed, Eissa A.; Salem, Noha Y.

doi:10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.12.2095.2102

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Our results indicate no seasonal differences in MDA concentrations in Asian elephants according to the GLM model, which contrasts with previous studies in cattle where the highest concentrations were exhibited in summer when high temperatures and relative humidity reduce the dispersal of body heat [47,66,67]. However, again, the THI in Thailand is relatively stable throughout the year, which could explain our lack of a strong seasonal effect.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand

Kosaruk

Brown

Towiboon

et al. 2023

Animals

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Oxidative stress is a pathological condition that can have adverse effects on animal health, although little research has been conducted on wildlife species. In this study, blood was collected from captive Asian elephants for the assessment of five serum oxidative status markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations; malondialdehyde, MDA; albumin; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; and catalase) in healthy (n = 137) and sick (n = 20) animals. Health problems consisted of weakness, puncture wounds, gastrointestinal distress, eye and musculoskeletal problems, and elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD). Fecal samples were also collected to assess glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) as a measure of stress. All data were analyzed in relation to age, sex, sampling season, and their interactions using generalized linear models, and a correlation matrix was constructed. ROS and serum albumin concentrations exhibited the highest concentrations in aged elephants (>45 years). No sex differences were found for any biomarker. Interactions were observed for age groups and seasons for ROS and catalase, while GPx displayed a significant interaction between sex and season. In pairwise comparisons, significant increases in ROS and catalase were observed in summer, with higher ROS concentrations observed only in the adult female group. Lower catalase activity was exhibited in juvenile males, subadult males, adult females, and aged females compared to subadult and adult elephants (males and females) in winter and the rainy season. There was a positive association between catalase activity and fGCMs (r = 0.23, p < 0.05), and a number of red blood cell parameters were positively associated with several of these biomarkers, suggesting high oxidative and antioxidative activity covary in red cells (p < 0.05). According to health status, elephants with EEHV-HD showed the most significant changes in oxidative stress markers, with MDA, GPx, and catalase being higher and albumin being lower than in healthy elephants. This study provides an analysis of understudied health biomarkers in Asian elephants, which can be used as additional tools for assessing the health condition of this species and suggests age and season may be important factors in data interpretation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand

Kosaruk

Brown

Towiboon

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…A previous study in elephants showed no seasonal effect on MDA based on seasonal calculations (14), and although not significant, the overall mean was higher during the summer season. Studies in Asian cattle reported higher MDA concentrations during the summer, which also had the highest THI (40,48), again demonstrating how cattle are susceptible to heat stress (56). In addition to summer, elephants in this study had higher MDA concentrations in the winter.…”

Section: Oxidant Markersmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Previous studies have identified seasonal variation in oxidative stress in several species as part of normal physiological responses to cope with environmental change ( 35 – 37 ). Changes in oxidative stress markers associated with the temperature-humidity index (THI) have been demonstrated in several species; for example, higher oxidant (ROS and MDA) and antioxidant (GPx and catalase) markers were observed during hot summer months in cattle in south Asia as a response to heat stress ( 38 – 40 ). In Thailand, Yun et al ( 10 ) reported an influence of season on the frequency of EEHV-HD in captive elephant calves, with the highest number of cases found during the rainy season; however, data on whether shedding also is related to oxidative stress status are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns of oxidative stress markers in captive Asian elephants in Thailand and relationships to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus shedding

Kosaruk,

Brown,

Towiboon

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionOxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant activity and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which can have detrimental effects on animal health. Annual fluctuations in oxidative stress status can occur, increasing disease susceptibility during certain time periods. However, a full understanding of factors related to oxidative stress in Asian elephants and how to mitigate the negative consequences is lacking.MethodsThis study measured six serum oxidative stress markers [reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), albumin, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase] and two stress markers [serum cortisol and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM)] in 23 captive Asian elephants in Thailand over a 12 months period to examine relationships with age and season.ResultsSeasonal variations were observed, with several markers exhibiting significantly higher concentrations in the summer (ROS, MDA, 8-OHdG, albumin) and lower values during the rainy/winter seasons (MDA, 8-OHdG, albumin, catalase). By contrast, GPx was the only marker to be highest during the rainy season. For the stress markers, higher fGCM concentrations were noted during the rainy season, which contrasts with earlier studies showing more activity in the winter (tourist season). Positive correlations were found between the temperature-humidity index and ROS, GPx, and fGCM, while a negative correlation was observed with serum albumin. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) shedding events were associated with higher concentrations of ROS and MDA. A moderate negative correlation was observed between 8-OHdG and the PCR threshold cycle of EEHV shedding (Ct), indicating DNA damage may be involved in EEHV shedding in elephants.DiscussionResults revealed significant age and seasonal effects on several oxidative stress markers, indicating those factors should be considered in study design and data interpretation. There also may be physiological adaptations in oxidative stress conditions in relation to environmental changes that could impact health outcomes.

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“…Above this range, it is more difficult for cows to thermoregulate ( 6 ). During heat stress, animals consume less feed to maintain optimal body temperature ( 37 ), and stress of this kind can have a negative effect on the success of fertilisation and embryo viability ( 2 , 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, another potential marker of this type of stress may be RDW when there are few erythrocytes of different sizes. Moreover, during the summer period, higher MCHC values indicate animal tolerance for the environment ( 3 , 37 ). The values of parameters such as MCV and MCH do not show significant differences when adaptation of animals to changing climatic conditions was stress free ( 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the haematological profile of pregnant Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cattle in the early stage

Wrzecińska

Kowalczyk

Czerniawska-Piątkowska

et al. 2023

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Cattle health and welfare are monitored via the analysis of the haematological profile, and it shows cattle’s ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, pregnancy and lactation; profile changes also indicate reproductive disorders. The literature lacks reports of the examination of the haematological profile in cows up to the 50th day of pregnancy (dop). Therefore, this research examined that in cows up to this pregnancy stage. Material and Methods A total of 101 Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cows were divided into groups. The control groups consisted of non-pregnant heifers (group C00) and non-pregnant cows (group C0), and the experimental groups were pregnant heifers (group T1 at dop ≤ 28 and group T2 at dop ≥ 29–dop < 45) and pregnant cows (group T3 at dop ≥ 29–dop ≤ 50). In addition, the T3 group was divided into cows pregnant for up 45 dop and cows between 45 and 50 dop. Blood samples were collected in March and April 2021 from each animal and analysed. A transrectal ultrasound examination was performed to detect and confirm pregnancy. Results Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between the group of cows at dop < 45 dop and those at dop ≥ 45–dop ≤ 50 dop were noted in granulocyte percentage (GRA%), white and red blood cell counts (WBC/RBC), platelets (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), haematocrit (HCT) and lymphocyte percentage (LYM%). No statistically significant differences were found in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin, monocytes (MON), monocyte percentage (MON%), mean platelet volume (MPV), thrombocrit or red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Similar statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) emerged between the groups of heifers in PLT, GRA, RBC, lymphocytes, LYM% and HCT, and no significant differences were found between MPV, MON, MON% or RDW. Conclusion Examining the haematological profile in high-yielding cattle is vital in maintaining herd profitability and high reproduction, which depend on the quick diagnosis of disorders facilitated by haematology. This study analysed the haematology profile of dairy cattle at dop ≤ 50 for the first time, indicating changes in lymphocyte levels, which suggests that the animals experienced direct stress during the study.

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Influence of Season and Lactation Stage on Oxidative, Haematological, and Metabolic Profile Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand

Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand

Seasonal patterns of oxidative stress markers in captive Asian elephants in Thailand and relationships to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus shedding

Examination of the haematological profile of pregnant Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cattle in the early stage

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