Influence of Selected Deoxidizers on Chemical Composition of Molten Inclusions in Liquid Steel

Kalisz, D.; Migas, Piotr; Karbowniczek, M.; Moskal, Michał; Hornik, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/s11665-019-04493-2

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These compounds are a consequence of the introduction of metals and ferroalloys in the form of complex deoxidants, resulting in the formation of a liquid or solid-liquid non-metallic phase. The function of the deoxidant in steel is usually played by silicon, manganese, and aluminium, and therefore it is possible to form a liquid phase containing their oxides and also iron oxide [ 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Chemical Composition and Modeling of Growth Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel Containing Yttrium

et al. 2021

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The programs WYK_Stal and Bi-Growth, developed at AGH-UST, Kraków, Poland, were used for simulating the refining process, the formation of non-metallic inclusions, and their growth. The Fe-Y-Al-O-S-Ca system in pre-oxidized steel was analyzed, where yttrium formed precipitates from both O and S. When first Al and second Y were added to steel, the proportion of Al2O3 inclusions remained constant. This resulted in higher yttrium losses for oxide formation, whereas the sulfur content promoted sulfide phase formation. The introduction of yttrium at the end of refining contributed to reducing the consumption of this element in the non-metallic phase formation. The addition of aluminum and then calcium were sufficient to achieve a high degree of deoxidation and desulfurization. Calculations performed with WYK_Stal for both (a) and (c) versions of the model showed that the sulfide phase was constituted by CaS and FeS (model c) and CaS (model (a)). The participation of the calcium sulfide phase turned out to be dominant in the inclusions. Their presence was also identified in the slag phase. Simulations of the growth of complex oxide and oxo-sulfide inclusions using the Bi_Growth program showed that the yttrium content of the steel has a decisive role in the formation of complex oxide inclusions and the final oxygen content of the steel. In contrast, for the growth of oxide-sulfide inclusions, the character of growth is determined by the sulfur content of steel.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Chemical Composition and Modeling of Growth Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel Containing Yttrium

et al. 2021

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“…1,2) The deoxidation process is crucial for controlling the O content and inclusion type in high-quality steel. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Owing to its strong affinity for O and its availability, Al is commonly used as a deoxidizing agent during the steelmaking process. Therefore, several studies have been conducted on the Al deoxidation equilibrium in molten Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Ni alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion Control of 15-5 PH High-strength Stainless Steel through Aluminum Deoxidation

et al. 2023

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15-5PH high-strength stainless steel is an important alloy used for numerous critical components. Ultralow oxygen content and inclusion control have become urgent problems that need to be addressed for the broad application of this steel. In this study, we investigate the thermodynamic equilibrium of Al-O and inclusion morphology of 15-5PH stainless steel to understand the basic mechanism behind the results obtained after commercial production of the alloy. The deoxidation behavior of 15-5PH stainless steel depends on the dissolved Al content ([Al%]). When [Al%] < 0.001%, mixed Al-Si deoxidation occurs and the deoxidation product is Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -MnO-CrO x . When [Al%] ≥ 0.001%, simple Al deoxidation equilibrium is dominant and the deoxidation product is MgO•Al 2 O 3 . The formation of Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -MnO-CrO x , low melting point inclusions, and a MgO•Al 2 O 3 interface layer reduces the activity of Al 2 O 3 , which is why the calculated results of Al-O thermodynamic equilibrium are higher than the experimental results. The measured results for the Al-O equilibrium demonstrate a relatively good agreement with the calculated values. This proved that the phases formed on the crucible surfaces were in equilibrium with the Al and O contents in the molten steels after holding for 120 min.

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“…The technological process aims to remove impurities by filtration, refining, etc. [9][10][11]. However, it is not easy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Impurity Morphology on the Fatigue Strength of High-Purity Structural Steel Melted in an Electric Furnace

Lipiński¹

2023

Manufacturing Technology

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A modern user requires low operating costs, but also reliability from machines and technical devices. Reliability during the service life depends on the quality of construction solutions, but also largely on the quality, properties and adaptation to the working conditions used in the construction of construction materials. During the operation of technical objects, their a highly predictable wear occurs. The problem is the phenomena of premature wear and damage of elements. The causes of failure of technical facilities are usually complex and depend on many factors. They can include the human factor and the one related to the quality, selection, production and technological processes of the materials used in the construction of the facility. In real technical facilities, many premature failures are caused by material fatigue, which is related to the imperfection of the material and the morphology of non-metallic inclusions. The paper presents the change in fatigue strength for rotational bending of highpurity structural steel. In order to diversify the matrix of inclusions, the steel was hardened and tempered at temperatures from 200C to 600C. The influence of impurity diameter and arithmetic average impurities space on the fatigue strength of industrially produced steel was investigated.

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Influence of Selected Deoxidizers on Chemical Composition of Molten Inclusions in Liquid Steel

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Evolution of Chemical Composition and Modeling of Growth Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel Containing Yttrium

Evolution of Chemical Composition and Modeling of Growth Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel Containing Yttrium

Inclusion Control of 15-5 PH High-strength Stainless Steel through Aluminum Deoxidation

Influence of Impurity Morphology on the Fatigue Strength of High-Purity Structural Steel Melted in an Electric Furnace

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