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High global demand for metallic elements such as Fe, Cr, Ti, Mn leads to an intensive technological development of metal recovery. One of the ways is to recover metals from metallurgical slag. The sessile drop method was adopted in order to study the interactions between liquid slag and graphite. Steelmaking slag was used during this research. The slag used included converter slag and slag from chrome steel melting as well as their mixtures with other modifiers. The analysis covered six types of slag in the temperature ranging from 1100• C to 1600• C in the argon atmosphere. In the course of research mass spectrometry and scanning microscope were used. The following were set for the examined samples during the reduction process: liquidus temperature and the nature of interactions (wettability or its lack). It was observed that the volume of slag samples dynamically changed in the course of the reduction of metallic oxides.Keywords: slag reduction, graphite, liquid slag, wettability Duże zapotrzebowanie dzisiejszego Świata na pierwiastki metaliczne np. Fe, Cr, Ti, Mn, powoduje bardzo intensywny rozwój technologii ich odzysku m.in. z żużli metalurgicznych. Przy użyciu techniki leżącej kropli wykonano badania współod-działywania ciekłych żużli z grafitem. Do badań wykorzystano żużle stalownicze: konwertorowy i z wytopu stali chromowych oraz ich mieszanin z innymi modyfikatorami, analizie poddano sześć żużli w zakresie temp 1100-1600• C w atmosferze argonu. W badaniach wykorzystano również spektrometr masowy oraz mikroskop skaningowy. Określono temperaturę liquidus dla analizowanych próbek, jak również charakter interakcji -zwilżanie lub jego brak -w trakcie trwania procesu redukcji. Zaobserwowano dynamiczne zmiany objętości próbek żużlowych w trakcie zachodzenia procesu redukcji tlenków metalicznych.

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Flavonoids in the buds of eight Populus species and hybrids were detected and compared with the aid of an optimized TLC method. Separation of 17 flavonoid aglycones belonging to different groups, namely, flavones, flavonols, flavanones and flavanonols, previously described as constituents of poplar buds, was performed on silica gel plates using a hexane/ethyl acetate/formic acid (60:40:1.3, V/V/V) mixture as the mobile phase. Pinocembrin and pinostrobin were found in the majority of analyzed poplar buds. For quantitative analysis of both compounds, two TLC evaluation modes, densitometric and videodensitometric, were compared and the established methods were validated. Concentrations of flavanones in some extracts differed slightly or significantly due to the analyzed plant matrix complexity and the TLC evaluation mode applied. Poplar buds rich in flavanones originated from P. × canadensis 'Robusta' (1.82 and 2.23 g per 100 g, resp.) and P. balsamifera (1.17 and 2.24 g per 100 g, resp.).

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