Influence of silane coupling agents on surface properties of precipitated silicas

Jesionowski, Teofil; Krysztafkiewicz, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(00)00828-x

Cited by 173 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Modification of silica with a silane coupling agent can change the characteristic surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Surface modification with vinyl-and mercapto-silanes reduces the silica aggregate size without re-agglomeration of the silica, but modification with an aminosilane tends to increase the silica agglomerate size because of its hydrophilicity that leads to the formation of hydrogen bonds between particles/aggregates [7,8]. Organic monomers such as styrene, isoprene, and butadiene have been used to modify the silica surface to obtain a hydrophobic character through in situ polymerization of the monomers adsorbed on the surface via bilayers of surfactants [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

Sengloyluan¹,

Sahakaro²,

Dierkes³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Natural Rubber (NR) grafted with 3-octanoylthio-1-propyltriethoxysilane (NXT) was prepared by melt mixing using 1,1′-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane as initiator at 140°C with NXT contents of 10 and 20 parts per hundred rubber [phr] and initiator 0.1 phr. The silane grafted on NR molecules was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Based on 1 H-NMR, the use of 10 and 20 phr (parts per hundred resin) of silane resulted in grafted NXT onto NR of 0.66 and 1.32 mol%, respectively, or a grafting efficiency of approx.38%. The use of NXT-grafted NR as compatibilizer in silica-filled NR compounds, to give a total amount of NXT in both grafted and non-grafted forms in the range of 0.8-6.1 wt% relative to the silica, decreases the Mooney viscosity and Payne effect of the compounds, improves filler-rubber interaction, and significantly increases the tensile properties of the silica-filled NR-compounds compared to the non-compatibilized one. At the same silane-content, the use of silane-grafted NR gives slightly better properties than the straight use of the same silane. With sulfur compensation, the use of NXT-grafted-NR with about 6 wt% NXT relative to the silica gives technical properties that reach the levels obtained for straight use of bis-(3-triethoxysilyl-propyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) at 8.6 wt% relative to the silica.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

Sengloyluan¹,

Sahakaro²,

Dierkes³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Conventionally, the surface treatments with various modifiers such as silanes have been used to improve the filler dispersion and strength the rubber/silica interfacial bonding [1][2][3][4]. Due to the high polarity of silica particles, the dispersion of silica in silane included systems and controllability of the performance are far from satisfactory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of novel functional liquid and its application as a modifier in SBR/silica composites

Lei¹,

Tang²,

Guo³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A novel functional ionic liquid (IL), 1-methylimidazolium methacrylate (MimMa), was synthesized for modifying styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/silica composites. MimMa was found to be readily polymerized via the initiated radical mechanism and could be analogously grafted onto rubber chains during vulcanization. Substantial hydrogen bonding between polymerized MimMa (poly(MimMa)) and silica can facilitate the silica dispersion and improve the SBR/silica interfacial bonding. Filler networking, curing behavior, silica dispersion and mechanical performance of the modified SBR/silica composites were studied. With a low concentration of MimMa, remarkable improvements in the interfacial interactions and mechanical properties were achieved which was attributed to the improved silica dispersion and strengthened interfacial bonding induced by MimMa. A modified interphase structure was accordingly proposed and related to the mechanical performance of the modified SBR/silica composites.

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“…Various methods of modifying the silica surface, therefore, are always of great importance in tailoring filler dispersion and interfacial interactions for rubber/filler composites. [5][6][7][8] Ionic liquid (IL), a novel emerging medium, is getting worldwide attention for its fascinating properties, such as near-zero vapor pressure, high thermal stability, high conductivity and wide potential window. 9,10 Traditionally, ILs with various inorganic anions have been extensively used as green solvents (electrolyte and dispersing agents) owing to their high thermal stability, non-flammability and non-volatility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SBR/silica composites modified by a polymerizable protic ionic liquid

Lei

Tang

Guo

et al. 2010

Polym J

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A novel functionalized ionic liquid, 1-methylimidazolium sorbate (MimS), was synthesized and characterized. MimS was used to improve the performance of rubber/silica composites. Substantiated hydrogen bonding between MimS and silica was responsible for effectively restraining the Payne effect and decreasing the Mooney viscosity of the uncured rubber compounds. The reactivity of MimS toward rubber and its ability to hydrogen bond with polymerized MimS and silica were characterized. Filler networking, curing behavior, silica dispersion and mechanical performance of the vulcanizates were fully studied. Remarkable improvements in mechanical properties were achieved with only a small addition of MimS. Variations in rubber performance were attributed to the significantly improved silica dispersion and novel interfacial interactions induced by MimS.

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Influence of silane coupling agents on surface properties of precipitated silicas

Cited by 173 publications

References 16 publications

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

Synthesis of novel functional liquid and its application as a modifier in SBR/silica composites

SBR/silica composites modified by a polymerizable protic ionic liquid

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